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题。本篇主要讨论不同的领导者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社会群体中所充当的角色和发挥的功能。所以D为正确答案。A、B、C选项都不能正确概括本文主旨。
63.【解析】[C]细节题。A选项的招募(recruitment)和B选项选举程序(election process)都在第一段中作为大群体的领导者产生的方式被明确提到。D选项也在第一段中作为家庭领导者的产生的方式被明确提到。只有C选项没有作为产生领导者的一种方式在本文中被提及。
64.【解析】[A]推断题。A选项意思是:某一特定群体的有效领导者,不一定就可以成为另一群体的有效领导者。这正好与第二段的意思相吻合,即领导者没有一个固定的特点,只是符合了一个特定群体需要的人就有可能成为该群体的领导者(It seems...virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group)。B选项和C选项的意思与本文无关。D选项意为:许多人想成为领导者,但却很少能拿出证据来证明他们具有这样的资格。显然是对文章意思的曲解。
65.【解析】[B]细节题。第二段中“...decades of research have failed to produce consistentevidence that there is any category of ‘natural leaders’”意思是说数十年来的研究并不能找出可靠证据来证明哪些人可以成为“天生领导者”,与B项意思一致。
66.【解析】[D]细节题。第三、四段主要讲了两种类型的领导者的区别。其中instrumental leader侧重于群体目标的实现,而expressive leader相对于前者并不侧重于群体目标的实现,而是注重为群体成员提供情感支持,并尽力减少内部纷争。(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimizetension and conflict among them。)
Part ⅤCloze
【全文翻译】
如果你计划明天开始一个新的工作,你的一些基本的优缺点也会与你同行。成功或失败在很大的程度上取决于你是否能够扬长避短。最重要的是你的态度。如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或者肯定不适应这项工作,那么妨碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。另一方面,如果一个人确信他可能会与其他人一样有能力完成这项工作,并心甘情愿地去尝试,他就具有了某种目的性的优势。很可能他会做得很好。具有某一工作的必要技能是一种优势,而缺乏这些技能显然就会处于劣势。一个记账员不会计数,或者一个木匠不能用锯子切割出一条直线,这都是令人绝望的例子。本书的目的是帮助你发挥自己的优势,克服自己学习中的劣势。但是为了你的发展,你必须要清楚自己现在的位置。随着书中内容的进一步深入,我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程。但是,首先,你应该停下来,去审视一下自己目前在以下三个方面存在的优点和缺点,这三个方面对你学业的成功或失败至关重要:态度、阅读和沟通的技巧、学习习惯。
【答案解析】
67. 【解析】[C]本句的意思是“成功或失败在很大程度上取决于你是否能扬长避短。”improvement改进;victory胜利;achievement成果,成就。这三个词都不合题意,只有[C]failure“失败”最合适。
68.【解析】[A]to a great extent是固定短语,意思是“很大程度上”,符合题意。类似的说法还有:to a large extent,to some extent, to an extent, to a certain extent, to that extent, to the extent of...。the, some, certain都不能与great extent搭配。
69.【解析】[B]on与前面的depend构成本句谓语。
70.【解析】[B]of与名词连用,表示具有某种性质、状态,作表语。置于句首,表示强调。正常语序为:Your attitude is of the utmost importance。
71.【解析】[A]person后应当是定语从句,“开始工作的那个人”。
72.【解析】[C]本句的意思是“如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定不适应这项工作,那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。”or后面省略了主语he。ensure保证;certain肯定的(只能用于it作主语的句子里);surely确实地;sure肯定的。
73.【解析】[D]in one’s belief相信。其他选项都不能与belief搭配。
74.【解析】[C]capable of doing是固定搭配,意为“能够干什么”。
75.【解析】[D]attempt用作名词,后接介词at,意为“试图,努力”;如果后面接介词on,表示攻击的意思。其他两项都不能与attempt搭配。
76.【解析】[C]本句的意思是“具有某一工作的必要技能是一个优势”,此处应填句子的主语,故选动名词having。
77. 【解析】[D]本句主语是A book keeper or carpenter...。根据主谓一致原则,其谓语应当用单数is,而不是复数are。being, been都是分词,应该排除。
78.【解析】[D]on与前面的capitalize搭配,表示“利用”。作不定式help的补语。其他选项不能与capitalize搭配。
79.【解析】[B]本句的意思是“克服缺点”,应选weakness(缺点,弱点)。idea观点;strength优点;advantage优势。
80.【解析】[B]固定短语take stock of,意为“对……估价,对……作出判断”。
81.【解析】[A]本句的意思是:“随着更深入的阅读”,从语法角度,此处应填关联词。四个选项中,只有as能用作关联词。
82.【解析】[D]选项A、 B、 C分别是deal(处理,论述,涉及)的原形、过去分词及被动语态。根据语法和语义,此处应填将来进行时,意思是“随着书中内容的进一步深入,我们将详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程。”
83.【解析】[C]根据上下文,这里应当指“学习技能”。
84.【解析】[B]固定短语to begin with,意为“首先,第一”,常用作插入语。
85.【解析】[A]谓语动词pause后,examine又是动词原形,所以这里应当选to,可构成动词不定式,作目的状语。其余选项都是介词,不合题意。
86.【解析】[C]本句对全文进行总结概括,与文章的第三句相呼应,Of the utmost importance is your attitude故选attitude。
Part Ⅵ Translation
87.【答案】not so much a writer
88.【答案】play indispensable roles
89.【答案】so that it could be conducted smoothly
90.【答案】is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago
91.【答案】has a strong influence on
听力原文
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11.
W: This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused. I can’t figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves?
M: Why don’t you just go to the ticket window and ask?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
12.
W: I really enjoyed the TV special about drafts last night. Did you get home in time to see it?
W: Oh, yes, but I wish I could have stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.
Q: What does the man mean?
13.
W: Airport, please. I’m running a little late. So just take the fastest way even if it’s not the most direct.
M: Sure, but there is a lot of traffic everywhere today because of the football game.
Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?
14.W: May I make a recommendation, sir? Our seafood with this special sauce is very good.
M: Thank you, but I don’t eat shellfish. I’m allergic to it.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
15. W: now one more question if you don’t mind, what position in the company appeals to you most?
M: Well, I’d like the position of sales manager if that position is still vacant.
Q: What do we learn about the man?
16. M: I don’t think I want to live in the dormitory next year. I need more privacy.
W: I know what you mean. But check out the cost if renting an apartment first. I won’t be surprised if you change your mind.
Q: What does the woman imply?
17. M: You’re on the right track. I just think you need to narrow the topic down.
W: Yeah, you’re right. I always start by choosi
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