The next breakthrough came in 2000, when Google figured out how to make money with its invention. It had lots of users, but almost no one was paying. The solution turned out to be advertising, and it’s not an exaggeration to say that Google is now essentially an advertising company, given that that’s the source of nearly all its revenue. Today it is a giant advertising company, worth $100 billion.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.  Apart from a series of fortunate events, what is it that has made Google so successful?

48.  Google’s search engine originated from ________ started  by L. Page.

49.  How did Google’s search engine spread all over the world?

50.  Brin and Page decided to set up their own business because no one would ________.

51.  The revenue of the Google company is largely generated from ________.

Section B

Directions:    There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

You hear the refrain all the time: the U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesn’t feel good. Why doesn’t ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.

The Affluent Society is a modern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depression gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.

To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didn’t really want or need. Because so much spending was artificial, it would  be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctively—and wrongly—labeled government only as “a necessary evil.”

It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is  standing still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. people feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.

The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, that part has eroded. More workers fear they’ve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.

Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a point, affluence succeeds. There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.

Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new anxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social consequences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.

Should we be surprised? Not really. We’ve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.  What question does John Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?

A) Why statistics don’t tell the truth about the economy.

B) Why affluence doesn’t guarantee happiness.

C) How happiness can be promoted today.

D) What lies behind an economic boom.

53.  According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because ________.

A) public spending hasn’t been cut down as expected

B) the government has proved to be a necessary evil

C) they are in fear of another Great Depression

D) materialism has run wild in modern society

54.  Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?

A) Their material pursuits have gone far ahead of their earnings.

B) Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.

C) The distribution of wealth is uneven between the r5ich and the poor.

D) Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.

55.  What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” (Line 3, Para. 5)?

A) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.

B) People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.

C) People who have little s