Question 22-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

Q22. Where does this conversation most probably take place?

Q23. What do we learn about modern Harrogate?

Q24. What does the man say about the area called the Stray?

Q25. What attracts people most in the Stray during the spring time?

答案：

22. B) In a resort town.

23. D) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.

24. D) It is protected as parkland by a special law.

25. C) The beautiful flowers.

【解析】

这段长对话是对Harrogate这个旅游小镇的介绍，谈到其如何得名，如何变迁，以及如何受到政府的保护。由此可见，这段对话最有可能发生在一个旅游城镇。这段对话稍微难一点的地方在于几个单词，一个是地名Harrogate，另一个是Stray，以及头衔President of the Chamber of Commerce。解决这些难点也很容易，因为Harrogate这个地名和头衔不是考察点，考生可直接忽略。另外关于Stray，考生开始不懂没关系，要带着这个疑问去注意听原文，对话中随后就给出了明确解释，所以考生也会获得解答。
 

需要提醒考生的是，虽然考试中我们可以忽略一些人名，地名或者无关紧要的细节，这也是为了一时的应试而迫不得已。在平时练习中，还是建议广大考生多积累这些人文及百科知识，包括一些人名和地名。积累的多了，以后在任何场合听起来就不会犯难了。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Russell Fazio, an Ohio State psychology professor who has studied interracial roommates there and at Indiana University, discovered an intriguing academic effect. In a study analyzing data on thousands of Ohio State freshmen who lived in dorms, he found that black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate — even if the roommate’s test scores were low. The roommate’s race had no effect on the grades of white students or low-scoring black students. Perhaps, the study speculated, having a white roommate helps academically prepared black students adjust to a predominantly white university.

That same study found that randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates.

Because interracial roommate relationships are often problematic, Dr. Fazio said, many students would like to move out, but university housing policies may make it hard to leave.

“At Indiana University, where housing was not so tight, more interracial roommates split up,” he said. “Here at Ohio State, where housing was tight, they were told to work it out. The most interesting thing we found was that if the relationship managed to continue for just 10 weeks, we could see an improvement in racial attitudes.”

Dr. Fazio’s Indiana study found that three times as many randomly assigned interracial roommates were no longer living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates. The interracial roommates spent less time together, and had fewer joint activities than the white pairs.

Question 26-29

26. What do we know about Russell Fazio ?

27. Who benefited from living with a white roommate according to Fazio’s study?

28. What did the study find about randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State University?

29. What did Dr. Fazio find interesting about interracial roommates who had lived together for 10 weeks?

答案：

26, C. He specialized in interpersonal relationship.

27. D. Black freshman with high standardized scores

28, C. They broke up more often than same-race roommates

29, C. The racial attitudes improved.

【解析】：本文节选自2009年7月的《纽约时报》，原文标题为Interracial Roommates Can Reduce Prejudice。文章属于社会类话题，大意为俄亥俄州立大学的一位名为Russell Fazio的心理学教授研究不同人种混居的有趣现象以及结论。无独有偶，2011年6月四级真题阅读理解Section B的Passage 1也选用了相同的话题，大家平时在备考中要对真题重视起来哦！

Passage two

In a small laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina, Dr. Vladimir Mironov has been working for a decade to grow meat. A developmental biologist and tissue engineer, Dr. Mironov, is one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineering 'cultured' meat.

It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way.

“Growth of cultured meat is also under way in the Netherlands”, Mironov told Reuters in an interview, “but in the United States, it is science in search of funding and demand.”

The new National Institute of Food and Agriculture won't fund it, the National Institutes of Health won't fund it, and the NASA funded it only briefly, Mironov said.

"It's classic disruptive technology," Mironov said. "Bringing any new technology on the market, on average, costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million."

Director of the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at the medical university, Mironov now primarily conducts research on tissue engineering, or growing, of human organs.

"There's an unpleasant factor when people find out meat is grown in a lab. They don't like to associate technology with food," said Nicholas Genovese, a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology.

"But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner," Genovese said.

30. What does Dr. Mironov think of bioengineering cultured meat?

31. What does Dr. Mironov say about the funding for their research?

32. What does Nicholas Genovese say about a lot of products we eat today?

答案：

30, A. It will help solve the global food crisis.

31, D. It is still far from being sufficient.

32, D. They are not as natural as we believed.

【解析】

这是路透社2011年初的一篇报道，题目为“South Carolina scientist works to grow meat in lab”。本文为食品科技类题材。大意为生物工程技术应用在实验室生产肉，可改变传统肉类获得方式，解决将来的食物危机，不过还需资金支持，同时人们还难以完全接受这种方式。

Passage three

　Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. At Jackson's trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who has attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes. Jackson was similar in appearance to the guilty man. The two women has made a mistake in identity. As a result, Jackson has lost five years of his life.

　The two women in this case were eyewitnesses. They clearly saw the man who attacked them, yet they mistakenly identified an innocent person. Similar incidents have occurred before. Eyewitnesses to other crimes have identified the wrong person in a police lineup or in photographs.

　Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs or similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness's decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.

Question 33: What do we learn about Bernard Jackson?

Question 34: What led directly to Jackson’s sentence?

Question 35: What lesson do we learn from Jackson’s case?

答案：

33, A. He was wrongly imprisoned

34, A. The two victims’ identification

35, B. Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.

【解析】

    本篇文章讲述了Jackson因为被目击证人误认而被判刑，虽然最后洗清了罪名，但是却留下了惨痛的记忆。文章接着论述了为什么会出现这样的问题。可能是因为被害者对犯罪嫌疑人产生的混淆的记忆，或者在指认犯罪嫌疑人的过程中出现了不确定的情况。

    虽然总体来说这篇文章难度不大，但是因为涉及专业知识，有一些词汇可能会成为考生的障碍。例如：testimony: 证人证言；witness: 目击证人；jury: 陪审团；sentence :刑期。如果考生平时能对这些单词有所接触，这篇文章在理解上就不会出现太大的问题。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

答案：

36. slight

37. official

38. shrinking

39. plunge

40. decline

41. primary

42. heads

43. Poverty

44. Hampered by higher taxes and weak demand for its exports, Mexico's economy is seen only partially recovering this year.

45. Mexico has historically had high drop-out rates as poor families pull kids out of school to help put food on the table，

46. The nation's drop-out problem is just the latest bad news for the long-term competitiveness of the Mexican economy.

【解析】本篇文章谈论的是墨西哥失学率问题。文章先开篇阐述了墨西哥失学情况的现状，然后谈到这一现状的原因和所造成的严重后果。文中国家有关的Mexico、Mexican、Chile等部分考生可能不熟悉，而造成听力困扰，但这些实际并非考点，切记死盯部分词汇不放，而影响全篇理解。

   最后，文中生词不多，实际内容对于喜欢阅读报刊杂志、关心时事热点的考生而言，能够根据日常经验有所预判。这就提醒考生，听力同样也需要平时多多进行报刊阅读。

Part IV      Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)     (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.

答案：

47.capturing and storing CO₂或者capture and storage of CO₂

48. capture and storage

49. put it to new use

50. increase their yield of fruits and vegetables

51. the scale of CO₂ emissions

【解析】

这是一篇科技文。文章就降低碳排放这个话题，讨论了捕捉并储存二氧化碳的可能性。主题虽然是碳排放，但是文章科技术语很少，也比较贴近生活，所以难度并不高。题目都是事实细节题，不需要推论，考生只要根据题干的关键词，定位信息，在原文中找到答案，誊抄下来就可以了。此题阅卷的原则就是尽量用原文的话来回答问题，所以注意，尽量少修改原文信息。

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

52. D. Its negative effects have long been neglected.

53. A. Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power.

54. B. They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.

55. B. Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence.

56. A. Studying goal-setting can throw more light on successful business practices.

【解析】

本文出自http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/current/node/4056，原文题目为The dark side of goal-setting。 这篇文章有一定难度，尤其是作者的态度一定要把握好。作者并未全盘否定目标制定，而是说一定要制定切合实际的目标，以保证建设性推进计划，避免不道德行为伤害到计划的实施，因此这方面的研究值得继续推进下去，给大家更好的指导。

Passage two

57. D) Free market plus government intervention.

58. B) Government regulation hinders economic development.

59. B) Effective measures adopted by the government.

60. D) They give up the idea of smaller government and less regulation.

61. D) Excessive borrowing.

【解析】

文章改编自新闻网站The Daily Beast的文章Asian Wisdom，主题是“那些过度负债、经济增长缓慢的西方国家能从经济繁荣的亚洲学到什么东西”。作者认为美国和欧洲都受制于自己的意识