a presentation is a formal talk to one or
more people that “presents” ideas or information in a clear, structured way.
people are sometimes afraid of speaking in public, but if you follow a few
simple rules, giving a presentation is actually very easy. this tutorial guides
you through each stage of giving a presentation in english, from the initial
preparation to the conclusion and questions and answers. this tutorial is
itself set out like a mini-presentation.
preparation
can you name the 3 most important things
when giving any presentation?
number 1 is . . . preparation
number 2 is . . . preparation!
number 3 is . . . preparation!!
preparation is everything!
with good preparation and planning you will
be totally confident and less nervous. and your audience will feel your
confidence. your audience, too, will be confident. they will be confident in
you. and this will give you control. control of your audience and of your
presentation. with control, you will be ‘in charge’ and your audience will
listen positively to your message.
objective
before you start to prepare a presentation,
you should ask yourself: “why am i making this presentation?” do you need to
inform, to persuade, to train or to sell? your objective should be clear in
your mind. if it is not clear in your mind, it cannot possibly be clear to your
audience.
audience
“who am i making this presentation to?”
sometimes this will be obvious, but not always. you should try to inform
yourself. how many people? who are they? business people? professional people?
political people? experts or non-experts? will it be a small, intimate group of
4 colleagues or a large gathering of 400 competitors? how much do they know
already and what will they expect from you?
venue
“where am i making this presentation?” in a
small hotel meeting-room or a large conference hall? what facilities and
equipment are available? what are the seating arrangements?
time and length
“when am i making this presentation and how
long will it be?” will it be 5 minutes or 1 hour? just before lunch, when your
audience will be hungry, or just after lunch, when your audience will be
sleepy?
method
how should i make this presentation?” what
approach should you use? formal or informal? lots of visual aids or only a few?
will you include some anecdotes and humour for variety?
content
“what should i say?” now you must decide
exactly what you want to say. first, you should brainstorm your ideas. you will
no doubt discover many ideas that you want to include in your presentation. but
you must be selective. you should include only information that is relevant to
your audience and your objective. you should exclude all other ideas. you also
need to create a title for your presentation (if you have not already been
given a title). the title will help you to focus on the subject. and you will
prepare your visual aids, if you have decided to use them. but remember, in
general, less is better than more (a little is better than a lot). you can
always give additional information during the questions after the presentation.
structure
a well organised presentation with a clear
structure is easier for the audience to follow. it is therefore more effective.
you should organise the points you wish to make in a logical order. most
presentations are organised in three parts, followed by questions:
beginning short introduction welcome your
audience
introduce your subject
explain the structure of your presentation
explain rules for questions
middle body of presentation present the
subject itself
end short conclusion summarise your
presentation
thank your audience
invite questions
questions and answers
notes
when you give your presentation, you should
be - or appear to be - as spontaneous as possible. you should not read your
presentation! you should be so familiar with your subject and with the
information that you want to deliver that you do not need to read a text.
reading a text is boring! reading a text will make your audience go to sleep!
so if you don’t have a text to read, how can you remember to say everything you
need to say? with notes. you can create your own system of notes. some people
make notes on small, a6 cards. some people write down just the title of each
section of their talk. some people write down keywords to remind them. the
notes will give you confidence, but because you will have prepared your
presentation fully, you may not even need them!
rehearsal
rehearsal is a vital part of preparation.
you should leave time to practise your presentation two or three times. this
will have the following benefits:
you will become more familiar with what you
want to say
you will identify weaknesses in your
presentation
you will be able to practise difficult
pronunciations
you will be able to check the time that
your presentation takes and make any necessary modifications
so prepare, prepare, prepare! prepare
everything: words, visual aids, timing, equipment. rehearse your presentation
several times and time it. is it the right length? are you completely familiar
with all your illustrations? are they in the right order? do you know who the
audience is? how many people? how will you answer difficult questions? do you
know the room? are you confident about the equipment? when you have answered
all these questions, you will be a confident, enthusiastic presenter ready to
communicate the subject of your presentation to an eager audience.
equipment
easily your most important piece of
equipment is...you
! make sure you’re in full working order,
and check your personal presentation carefully - if you don’t, your audience
will! the overhead projector (ohp) displays overhead transparencies (ohts or
ohpts). it has several advantages over the 35mm slide projector:
it can be used in daylight
the user can face the audience
the user can write or draw directly on the
transparency while in use
the whiteboard (more rarely blackboard or
greenboard) is a useful device for spontaneous writing - as in brainstorming,
for example. for prepared material, the ohp might be more suitable. the duster
is used for cleaning the whiteboard. it is essential that the duster be clean
to start with. you may consider carrying your own duster just in case. markers
are used for writing on the whiteboard (delible - you can remove the ink) or
flipchart (indelible - you cannot remove the ink). they are usually available
in blue, red, black and green. again, it’s a good idea to carry a spare set of
markers in case you are given some used ones which do not write well. “a good
workman never blames his tools.” the flipchart consists of several leaves of
paper that you ‘flip’ or turn over. some people prefer the flipchart to the
whiteboard, but its use is limited to smaller presentations. the slide
projector - which must be used in a darkened room - adds a certain drama. some
slide projectors can be synchronised with audio for audio-visual (av)
presentations. these projectors are typically used for larger presentations.
the majority take 35mm slides or transparencies (as seen here), but projectors
for 6x6cm slides are also available. transparencies are projected by an
overhead projector or a slide projector onto a screen - in this case a folding
screen which can be packed up and transported. the notebook computer is
increasingly being used to display graphics during presentations. it is often
used in conjunction with an overhead projector, which actually projects the
image from the computer screen onto the wall screen. handouts are any documents
or samples that you ‘hand out’ or distribute to your audience. note that it is
not usually a good idea to distribute handouts before your presentation. the
audience will read the handouts instead of listening to you.
delivery
‘delivery’ refers to the way in which you
actually deliver or perform or give your presentation. delivery is a vital
aspect of all presentations. delivery is at least as important as content,
especially in a multi-cultural context.
nerves
most speakers are a little nervous at the
beginning of a presentation. so it is normal if you are nervous. the answer is
to pay special attention to the beginning of your presentation. first
impressions count. this is the time when you establish a rapport with your
audience. during this time, try to speak slowly and calmly. you should perhaps
learn your introduction by heart. after a few moments, you will relax and gain
confidence.
audience rapport
you need to build a warm and friendly
relationship with your audience. enthusiasm is contagious. if you are
enthusiastic your audience will be enthusiastic too. and be careful to
establish eye contact with each member of your audience. each person should
feel that you are speaking directly to him or her. this means that you must
look at each person in turn - in as natural a way as possible. this will also
give you the opportunity to detect signs of boredom, disinterest or even
disagreement, allowing you to modify your presentation as appropriate.
your objective is to communicate!
body language
what you do not say is at least as
important as what you do say. your body is speaking to your audience even
before you open your mouth. your clothes, your walk, your glasses, your
haircut, your expression - it is from these that your audience forms its first
impression as you enter the room. generally speaking, it is better to stand
rather than sit when making a presentation. be aware of and avoid any
repetitive and irritating gestures. be aware, too, that the movement of your
body is one of your methods of control. when you move to or from the
whiteboard, for example, you can move fast or slowly, raising or reducing the
dynamism within the audience. you can stand very still while talking or you can
stroll from side to side. what effect do you think these two different
approaches would have on an audience?
cultural considerations
because english is so widely used around
the world, it is quite possible that many members of your audience will not be
native english-speakers. in other words, they will not have an anglo-saxon
culture. even within the anglo-saxon world, there are many differences in
culture. if we hypothetically imagine a german working for an israeli company
making a presentation in english to a japanese audience in korea, we can see
that there are even more possibilities for cultural misunderstanding. you
should try to learn about any particular cultural matters that may affect your
audience. this is one reason why preparation for your presentation is so
important. cultural differences can also be seen in body language, which we
have just discussed. to a latin from southern france or italy, a presenter who
uses his hands and arms when speaking may seem dynamic and friendly. to an
englishman, the same presenter may seem unsure of his words and lacking in
self-confidence.
voice quality
it is, of course, important that your
audience be able to hear you clearly throughout your presentation. remember
that if you turn away from your audience, for example towards the whiteboard,
you need to speak a little more loudly. in general, you should try to vary your
voice. your voice will then be more interesting for your audience. you can vary
your voice in at least three ways:
speed: you can speak at normal speed, you
can speak faster, you can speak more slowly - and you can stop completely! you
can pause. this is a very good technique for gaining your audience’s attention.
intonation: you can change the pitch of
your voice. you can speak in a high tone. you can speak in a low tone.
volume: you can speak at normal volume, you
can speak loudly and you can speak quietly. lowering your voice and speaking
quietly can again attract your audience’s interest.
the important point is not to speak in the
same, flat, monotonous voice throughout your presentation - this is the voice
that hypnotists use to put their patients’ into trance!
visual aids
of all the information that enters our
brains, the vast majority of it enters through the eyes. 80% of what your
audience learn during your presentation is learned visually (what they see) and
only 20% is learned aurally (what they hear). the significance of this is
obvious:
visual aids are an extremely effective
means of communication
non-native english speakers need not worry
so much about spoken english - they can rely more heavily on visual aids
it is well worth spending time in the
creation of good visual aids. but it is equally important not to overload your
audience’s brains. keep the information on each visual aid to a minimum - and
give your audience time to look at and absorb this information. remember, your
audience have never seen these visual aids before. they need time to study and
to understand them. without understanding there is no communication.
audience reaction
remain calm and polite if you receive
difficult or even hostile questions during your presentation. if you receive
particularly awkward questions, you might suggest that the questioners ask
their questions after your presentation.
language
say what you are going to say,
simplicity and clarity
if you want your audience to understand
your message, your language must be simple and clear.
use short words and short sentences.
do not use jargon, unless you are certain
that your audience understands it.
in general, talk about concrete facts
rather than abstract ideas.
use active verbs instead of passive verbs.
active verbs are much easier to understand. they are much more powerful.
consider these two sentences, which say the same thing:
toyota sold two million cars last year.
two million cars were sold by toyota last
year.
which is easier to understand? which is
more immediate? which is more powerful? n°1 is active and n°2 is passive.
signposting
when you drive on the roads, you know where
you are on those roads. each road has a name or number. each town has a name.
and each house has a number. if you are at house n° 100, you can go back to n°
50 or forward to n° 150. you can look at the signposts for directions. and you
can look at your atlas for the structure of the roads in detail. in other
words, it is easy to navigate the roads. you cannot get lost. but when you give
a presentation, how can your audience know where they are? how can they know
the structure of your presentation? how can they know what is coming next? they
know because you tell them. because you put up signposts for them, at the
beginning and all along the route. this technique is called ‘signposting’ (or
‘signalling’).
during your introduction, you should tell
your audience what the structure of your presentation will be. you might say
something like this:
“i’ll start by describing the current
position in europe. then i’ll move on to some of the achievements we’ve made in
asia. after that i’ll consider the opportunities we see for further expansion
in africa. lastly, i’ll quickly recap before concluding with some
recommendations.”
a member of the audience can now visualize
your presentation like this:
introduction
welcome
explanation of structure (now)
body
europe
asia
africa
conclusion
summing up
recommendations
he will keep this image in his head during
the presentation. he may even write it down. and throughout your presentation,
you will put up signposts telling him which point you have reached and where
you are going now. when you finish europe and want to start asia, you might
say:
“that’s all i have to say about europe.
let’s turn now to asia.”
when you have finished africa and want to
sum up, you might say:
“well, we’ve looked at the three continents
europe, asia and africa. i’d like to sum up now.”
and when you finish summing up and want to
give your recommendations, you might say:
“what does all this mean for us? well,
firstly i recommend...”
the table below lists useful expressions
that you can use to signpost the various parts of your presentation.
signposting
function language introducing the subject
i’d like to start by...
let’s begin by...
first of all, i’ll...
starting with...
i’ll begin by...
finishing one subject...
well, i’ve told you about...
that’s all i have to say about...
we’ve looked at...
so much for...
...and starting another
now we’ll move on to...
let me turn now to...
next...
turning to...
i’d like now to discuss...
let’s look now at...
analysing a point and giving recommendations
where does that lead us?
let’s consider this in more detail...
what does this mean for abc?
translated into real terms...
giving an example
for example,...
a good example of this is...
as an illustration,...
to give you an example,...
to illustrate this point...
dealing with questions
we’ll be examining this point in more
detail later on...
i’d like to deal with this question later,
if i may...
i’ll come back to this question later in my
talk...
perhaps you’d like to raise this point at
the end...
i won’t comment on this now...
summarising and concluding
in conclusion,...
right, let’s sum up, shall we?
i’d like now to recap...
let’s summarise briefly what we’ve looked
at...
finally, let me remind you of some of the
issues we’ve covered...
if i can just sum up the main points...
ordering
firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
first of all...then...next...after
that...finally...
to start with...later...to finish up...
第二篇:英语演讲教程:引入话题
ii. introducing the subject and the outline
of the presentation引入话题
background information
i would like to start by briefly reviewing
the history of open heart surgery.
let us start with the theoretical basis of
this new technique.
to begin with, we have to consider the
principle.
i think it would be best to start out by
looking at a few slides.
i should like to preface my remarks with a
descript(更多内容请访问好范文网:Www.91exam.org)ion of the basic
idea.
may i begin with a general outline of this
project?
the first thing i would like to talk about
is the definition of the terms i shall use in my lecture.
the first point i’d like to make is the
historical background of the invention.
first, i shall explain to you why this new
program is correct and feasible.
topic
i would like to concentrate on theproblem
of antibiotic abuse in hospitals.
i shall devote my talk to the surgical
treatment of coronary disease.
i want to confine my talk to the latest
developments in civil engineering.
today, i am going to give a talk on the
application of computers in medicine.
my topic today will deal with the
observation of supernova.
in today’s talk, i’ 11 restrict myself to
the etiology of 15-epa~i;s.
in my presentation this morning, i’ 11
limit myself to three major points only.
i take the liberty of restricting my
discussion mainly to highway bridge construction.
now, i would like to address myself to the
most important aspect of this problem.
among the many languages, i shall mention
only basic.
what i am going to present today is the
methodology and the data analysis.
i’m not going to say much about that except
to discuss the literature on that topic.
outlining
my talk today consists of two parts. one
is... and the other is...
i’ve divided my presentation into four
parts.
i shall first talk about ... and then touch
on... and finally discuss ...
the subject can be looked at under the
following headings: ... (pointing to the powerpoint display)
i would like to divide my talk into two
parts. the first part deals with…, the second part concerns ...
my presentation will be given in four
parts. the first part deals with ... the second part relates to... the third
part concerns ... and the last part discusses…
purpose/objective
the purpose of this presentation is to...
this talk is designed to…
comprehensive samples
sample 1
thank you, mr. chairperson, mr. director-general,
distinguished members of the ilo’s governing body and friends. i welcome this
opportunity to be here today, with an organization which in many ways belongs
to all of us workers. i can think of, in fact, no other international body that
one can claim as one’s own so unambiguously.
i have also had a longstanding formal
association with the ilo. many of my early pieces on women and technological
change and on land rights were published by the ilo, as well as was the work of
many other scholars. it is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this
important symposium.
the canvas of the symposium is very large.
i will focus on two aspects of gender inequality that centrally effect millions
of women as workers but perhaps have failed to receive the attention they
deserve. first, the gender gap in command over property and productive assets
and, second, gender biased social perceptions and social norms.
sample 2
i learned last may that you have to be
careful in speaking to a group of professional communicators. after i conducted
a writer’ s workshop at the toronto conference of the international association
of business communicators, janine lichaczwrote asked me to speak here tonight
and used the communication techniques i had recommended. she even included a
footnote citing my lecture. i am susceptible to good communication and to
flattery so i am pleased to be with you to discuss your topic for the evening,
the use of language in the art of speech writing.
i suppose we must begin by shaking our heads,
woefully, over the sad state of language today, whether in formal speeches,
casual conversation, or in writing. most of us in this room no doubt agree with
the generally negative tone of time magazine’s year-end assessment which claims
“our language has been besieged by vulgarities”. but to preserve our sanity as
professionals in communication of us would probably join time in optimistically
expecting english somehow to survive and even to prosper.
expressions on other occasions
correcting the title of the presentation
first of all, i would like to mention that
the title of my presentation should be ...
please allow me to correct a mistake in the
title of my speech which appeared in the program. instead of... it should
read...
reading. another person’s paper
sometimes you are selected to read another
person’s paper, as he or she is absent.
i shall read a paper by dr. li from
guangzhou, china, who regrets that he could not be here. the title of his paper
is...
i’m going to read the paper by dr. wang.
it’s a great pity that, because of a health problem, he could not be here.
i was asked by the author to read his
paper. he apologizes for not being able to come here.
the next speaker, prof. zhang, regrets that
she could not be here and has submitted her paper to me. i am not sure if i can
present it as well as she expected.
i am not sure whether i’ 11 be able to be
very confident in answering specific questions. however, i am somewhat familiar
with his work, so i’ 11 try my best.
checking the microphone
first i want to check if all of you can
hear me clearly.
am i speaking clearly and loudly enough for
those in the rear of the room?
i wonder if those in the rear of the room
can hear me.
if those in the rear of the room can hear
me, would someone please raise his hand?
can you hear me clearly?
can you hear me if i am away from the
microphone?
is the microphone working?
* summary-how to prepare a good
introduction
realize file great importance of the
introduction of file presentation mad then do your best in delivering it.
don’ t make file introduction either too
wordy, or too brief. usually, it covers 10 to 15 percent of your entire speech.
select tile ways to capture the audience
attention.
indicate tile topic.
outline your speech.
announce your purpose.
prepare several versions of tile
introduction, compare them, and then select the best version. finally, learn it
by heart so as to be able to deliver it easily mid fluently.
don’t start your speech with apologies.
pay attention to your body language.
第三篇:英语演讲教程:developing
the speech text
chapter ii developing the speech texti.
announcing the beginning of the speech textto begin with, i would like to talk
about a principle.
i think it would be best to start out by
looking at some pictures.
the first thing i would like to talk about
is the definition of the terms which i’11 use in my presentation.
ii. shifting to the next main pointwell,
let’s move on to the next point.
we will now come to the second problem.
turning to the next question, i’ 11 talk
about the stages of the procedure.
as the second topic, i shall stop here. now
let’ s turn our attention to the third topic.
so much for the methodology of our
experiment. i would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.
now, let’s move away from the first part
and switch over to the next part of my presentation.
that’s all for the introduction and now we
can go on to the literature review.
next, i would like to turn to a more
difficult problem.
the next point i’d like to talk about is
the feasibility of this project.
that brings me to my second point.
i am glad that we can now leave this rather
boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into a more attractive one, that
is the application of the formula.
iii. resuming the topiclet’ s come back to
what i said in the first part of my speech.
getting back to the subject of the problem
of theoretical considerations we can find that...
i want to return to the first part of my
presentation.
now, to get back to the effect of
temperature, you may be aware that the problems have been solved.
this brings me back to the question of
security.
at this point i would like to refer again
to the question of methods in the first part of my lecture.
referring again to the first question, i
think...
referring to the coming point
i’ll deal with it later.
i’ 11 touch upon that point in a moment.
i shall tell you in detail shortly.
iv. introducing the supporting materialsi
think this part is the most difficult, so i’ll explain it in greater detail.
i think this part of my paper is most
important, so i plan to spend more time on it.
please allow me to deal with this matter
more extensively.
being the most important part of my
presentation, i will elaborate on it with more slides.
i’ 11 expand this topic with drawings and
figures.
indicating the points briefly
limited by the time available, i can only
give you a very brief account of this matter.
i don’t think that i should describe the
methods in detail, because they are included in the handout.
i will not go into detail on it.
this point has been talked about repeatedly
in this symposium, so i am not going to spend too much time on it.
let’s go through the following points very
rapidly.
i just want to outline for you what i
experienced in using this new drug.
i shall not go over all these explanations.
my time is running short. so i’’11 be brief.
it is sufficient to say that these
experiments were poorly designed and without controls.
v. repairing a slip of tonethe first of
such experiments began in 2014, rather than 1999.
may i have the lights, i mean the slides.
the temperature increased, i shall say
decreased.
the population is 13 million, sorry, 31
million.
the exchange rate dropped from 2.5 to 1.8,
i beg your pardon, 1.9.
as you can see from the first row, excuse
me, the second row, that the output increased two fold.
vi. expressions concerning audio-visual
aidscould we have the lights off? and the first slide, please.
lights off, first slide, please.
dim the lights, and first slide, please.
the slide is not so clear. please darken
the room a little more.
could you please turn on the lights,
please?
now, we can have the lights on.
please switch on the lights.
lights on, please.
i apologize that this slide is not so
clear, but i hope you can still make out the general idea.
sorry for the small print.
i’m sorry we left a figure out here.
vi. explaining the contents on the
slidesthis slide demonstrates ...
on this slide, you can see...
this curve in this slide shows...
this figure in this slide exhibits...
this table on this slide presents...
this diagram on this slide depicts...
this chart on this slide displaces ...
the picture on this slide shows ...
the photomicrograph on this slide shows ...
the flow-chart on this slide points out...
the circuit diagram on this slide
represents~...~
indicating the sources of the content in a
this figure is taken from.., by dr. li.
this diagram is after that of prof. wang
with some modification
vii. demanding to show the next slidemay i
proceed to the next slide, please?
i think we can move on to the next slide.
let me show you the next slide.
now, we can go on to the next slide. ‘
next slide, please.
next, please.
next !
viii. returning to the previous slideto
make a comparison, can we return to the first slide, please?
let’s go back. no, not this one. one back.
back one more. yes, that’s it. thank you.
may i go back two slides, please?
could you return to the second slide?
may we have the previous slide again?
ix. correcting a mistakesorry, this one is
in the wrong order. may i have the next one?
oh, this slide is misplaced. please skip
over it. yes, this is the correct one.
i’m afraid i didn’t ask for this slide. can
we go back to the previous one? please.
no, not this one. next, please. yes, this
is the one i need. thank you.
i’m afraid you may have lost one slide
which is a flow chart of the procedure.
sorry, there seems to be one slide missing.
x. indicating the speed of running slideslet’s
go through the following slides rapidly.
the following three slides we will go
through quickly without explanation.
wait a minute, please. i want to say more
about this slide.
because of the shortage of time, i’ il have
to omit the following slides.
time is up, let’s come to the last slide
directly.
would you please skip the next slid-e and
go on to the table?
next, next. go ahead... that’s it.
第四篇:英语演讲教程:ending
the speech text
chapter iii ending the speech texti.
signaling the beginning of the end partlet’s look at what i have talked about.
well, that brings me to the end of my
presentation. this last slide is a brief summary of what i have talked about.
before i stop/finish, let me just say...
to close my speech, i’ 11 show you the last
slide.
now i’d like to summarize my talk.
to summarize, i have talked about three
aspects of the cancer problem: ...
finally, as a summary statement, i would
like to sum up the major points i have made.
ii. summarizinglet me just run over the key
points again.
i’ll briefly summarize the main issues.
in conclusion,…
in closing,…
in a word,…
to sum up ...
in brief,…
briefly.......
all in all,…
finally,…
iii. concludingas you can see, there are
some very good reasons ...
to sum up, my conclusion is that the
present program is the best one.
in conclusion ...
let me conclude my talk with the following
comments.
allow me to conclude by listing out all the
factors influencing the efficacy.
in conclusion, i would like to point out
the following aspects.
i’d like to leave you with the following
conclusion.
iv. quotinglet me close by quoting dr.
einstein, the famous physicist, who said that…
i would like to come to a close by quoting
what sir newton once said...
therefore, i would suggest that we...
i’d like to suggest...
as far as i’m concerned, the only solution
to the problem is...
v. closingthat’s all, thank you.
that’s the end of my presentation.
so much for my speech, thank you.
thank you for your attention.
thank you for your listening.
other expressions that may be useful in the
end part of the speech
sorry, i see the red light is shining so i
have to skip the last part and jump to the conclusion.
mr. chairman is signaling me, i have to
stop here and leave out the remaining part to spare time.
vi. samples[ sample 1 ]we have proposed a
framework of a hierarchical planning system for robots. first of all, the
system is an automatic plan system that can guide the robot intelligently in
terms of the environment. secondly, it is based on hierarchical planning. the
planning problem has been hierarchically decomposed into two sub-problems:
global destination selection and local motion planning. and finally, the
simulation and application has proved it as an effective design.
(show the last visual)
that’s all for my presentation. for any
question to be raised, i’m quite willing to discuss them with you at any time.
thank you, every one.
[ sample 2 ] ‘finally, we can draw the
conclusion: edge detection and denoising are two important branches of image
processing. if we combine edge detection with denoising, we can overcome the
shortcomings of the commonly-used denolsing methods and without blurring the
edge notably.
furthermore, there are many denoising and
edge detection methods now. different methods are suitable for different types
of images and noise models. we can do further research on how to combine these
various denoising and edge detection methods according to the content of the
images and nature of noise.
that’s all for my talk. if you have any
questions, please do not hesitate to ask me. i’m quite willing to discuss them
with you at any time, thank you.
[ sample 3 ]that’s all t wanted to show you
about machine vision and one of its applications, agv. thank you!
[ sample 4 ](turn to 12th ppt) ok, that is
all i’m going to talk today.
thank you !
[ sample 5 ]that’s all. thank you!
第五篇:英语演讲教程:asking
and answering questions
chapter iv asking and answering questionsi.
inviting questionsso, let’s throw it open to questions.
now i’ d like to answer any questions, if
you have any.
now i am ready to answer your questions, if
any.
i’d be glad to try and answer any
questions.
are there any questions?
any questions?
ii. raising questionssignaling your
intention to ask a question i want to ask dr. bi a question.
i have a guest ion for dr. anderson.
mr. smith, i have a question to ask you.
there is a question i’d like to ask prof.
li.
a question for mr. liu.
one question, dr. wei.
could i ask you a question, prof. li?
may i venture to ask prof. zhang a
question?
expressing your attitudebefore asking your
question, you can express your positive attitude or make a comment on the
speaker’s presentation. for example,
dr. johnson, i was fascinated by your
description of your study, but what will happen if...
mr. li, you did splendid work! just one
question.
asking the specific questionyou mentioned
very briefly that you used two experiments that were the same.
would you please elaborate on that point?
would you be so kind as to give me more
information about the method of your experiment?
would you tell me the reason why you set
such a high temperature?
comprehensive samples
dr. wang, i’d like to raise one question.
first, may i say how much i enjoyed talk. but, may i ask, do you have
experience with the new method?
congratulations, dr. li. i can’t help but
admire your achievement. but i want to know what’s your attitude toward abuse
of antibiotics?
i’d like to congratulate mr. liu on a very
interesting presentation.
may i ask you a question? how does
subjective eva luation differ from objective eva luation?
first, i’d like to say your research is
very interesting. may i ask two questions? do you see any relation between
cigarette smoking and peptic ulcers? and what advantage do you expect by using
this approach?
iii. response to questionsasking for
repetition pardon, i couldn’t hear what you said.
i beg your pardon, i didn’t catch what you
said.
i’m sorry i forgot your first question.
would you be so kind as to say it again?
i’m not quite surge what your question is.
i didn’t quite get the last point of your
question.
you mean, there may be some mistake in the
calculation?
are you referring to the significance of
the difference?
are you suggesting that the temperature might
have affected the results?
if i understand you correctly, you are
saying/asking...
i didn’t quite catch that.
could you go over that again?
i’m not sure what you’re getting at.
welcoming the questionwelcome the question
by saying “thank you” or commenting on it saying “that’s a good question” or “that’s a
challenging question.”
this is a very good question.
thank you for that question.
i’m glad this question has been brought up-
i appreciate that question.
this is a hard question.
this is an interesting question.
this is a big question.
i’d be delighted to answer your question.
i’ll try to answer this question very
briefly.
in answer to your question, i would say
that...
i can only provide a partial answer to that
question.
let me try to answer your questions one by
one.
my answer to your first question is...
may i answer your second cjuestion first?
i have only a partial answer to your
question.
thank you for that question. this is a
challenging question and i’m afraid i can only provide a partial answer to it.
anyway, i’ll try my best to answer it.
repeating or paraphrasing the
questionquestioner: have you tried it on human bodies?
presenter: this gentleman would like to
know whether we have tried this on human bodies.
responding to difficult or challenging
questionquestion: so what happens if the new budget isn’t approved?
answer (1): we’ve spent two months
preparing the new budget. it’s a good budget and we’re confident we’ll get
approval to put it into practice.
answer (2): there is too much supposition
in the question for me to give a sound answer.
the following are some other examples of
answers to challenging questions:
perhaps in another year or so we can answer
that question, because these studies are now in progress.
we are now working on this problem and, if
you agree, i’ll answer your question in a few weeks.
the only answer i can give at present is to
wait a few more years, at which time something better might ultimately come out
of all our efforts.
i think it will be possible to answer this
question when more experiments are completed.
the answer to this question needs further
study.
i hope i will be able to answer your
question later.
responding to improper questioni appreciate
your interest in my research, but i just don’t want to talk about it now. let’s
talk about something else.
i’d rather not say.
why do you want to know?
sometimes you can relay the question back
to the questioner. for example,
before i answer you that question, let me
ask you: where do you think we should have the project?
in this way, sometimes you encourage the
questioner to answer his or her own question, e.g. “what do you think? are
people prepared to pay an extra $ 2 for faster service?”
responding to the questions you do not knowif
you don’t know the answer to a particular question, simply admit that you don’t
know. say something like this:
“i’m sorry. i don’t happen to know the
answer to that question, but i’ll be happy to check into it for you.”
here are some further examples:
i don’t think i can answer your question.
i wish i could answer your question, but
unfortunately i have no good answer.
i’m not sure that i can answer your
question. what i’m going to say is not quite an answer to your question.
another technique to cope with the
situation is to direct the attention to another expert who may know it or you
can use the audience. ask if anyone could help the questioner and hence it
won’t be necessary for you to admit that you do not know the answer. see
examples below.
i think that question could be better
answered by dr. liu than by me.
i think perhaps dr. chen would be better
able to answer this question.
prof. li would be a better person to answer
your question since he has done a lot of work in this field.
fortunately, prof. ‘ma, who is an authority
in this area, is ‘here. i think no one is more suitable than him to answer your
question.
dr. sawyer is perhaps in a better position
to tell us something about it.
perhaps my colleague dr. emery here has
some better ideas.
i think it would be better if prof. wu were
to make some comments on this matter.
avoid using the following expressions to
embarrass the questioner:
“i’ve already answered that but you
obviously weren’t listening.” instead say something like “i’m sorry i didn’t
explain that clearly.”
avoid talking to one questioner. look
towards the other, side of the conference hall or room and indicate that there
is another question. suggest that as there are several more questioners,’ yon
could discuss his or her question in more detail after your talk.
referring back to the questionerhaving
finished answering questions, you should check that the questioner is satisfied
or further elaboration or explanation is called for. the following expressions
might be helpful.
did i answer your question?
did i answer you satisfactorily?
did your question get answered?
i don’t know whether this answered your
question.
i don’t know if this is a satisfactory
answer.
i hope this may serve as an answer to dr.
li.
i hope this answers ~0ur question.:,
sometimes when question lime is over and ff
time permits, you can restate, your main proposition, including any good
comments from the audience and ignoring adverse questions or remarks. thus, you
demonstrate that you are confident mid can cope calmly with controversy.
remember that your last words to the
audience will be retained longest and you are expected to behave in a
professional manner.