The reading passage explores the issue of (此处转述总的讨论话题，语法上需要填名词、名词短语或者how/what/whether/why引导的从句)。 . The professor’s lecture deals with the same issue. However, he/she （请注意你必须根据说话人的声音在这两个代词中间选择一个，而且也正是因为上一句里出现了所指的人，这里才可以使用人称代词，否则语法就不正确了）thinks that（这里填入教授关于讨论话题的总论点）, which contradicts what the reading states. And in the lecture,
he/she（这里当然也只能选择一个代词） uses three specific points to support his/her（仍然只能选一个） idea.
主体段1
First, even though the reading passage
suggests that（此处转述阅读段落中的第一个分论点，后面如果还跟有支持的句子也不妨从阅读段落里再转述一两句支持句过来，拿分啊）, the professor argues in the lecture that（教授的第一个反驳分论点）., This is because（转述教授第一个分论点后面的支持句）, which means （最好能在深入写半句教授对其第一个分论点的支持句，但如果实在写不出来了，就把前半句再转述一下）obviously, the professor’s argument disproves （V. 证明。。。。不正确，学术写作中的常见词，不过生活里不太常用）its counterpart
（对应物，这里就是指阅读中的第一个分论点）in the reading. 主体段2
Moreover, despite the statement in the
reading that（转述阅读段子里的第二个分论点，如果后面还能从段子里转述过来一两句引申最好）, the professor contends that（转述教授的第二个反驳分论点） Then he/she supports this point with the fact that（教授对其第二个分论点的支持句） In other words,（继续转述）
主体段3
Finally, the professor asserts that（转述第三个反驳分论点） whereas the author of
the reading claims that（转述阅读文章作者的第三个分论点）The professor proves that this claim is indefensible by pointing out
that（教授第三个分论点的支持句）—i.e.
, …（如果这里能再引申1~2句就非常棒了，但实在填不出那就结束，应该字数也够了）结尾段（也可以选择不写）
In conclusion, the professor clearly
identifies（V. 确定） the weaknesses （n.弱点）in the reading passage and convincingly shows that the central
argument in the reading, --that is , （转述阅读文章对讨论话题的总论点）is incorrect.
The situation that resulted in my
grandfather’s not being able to study engineering was that his father needed
help on the farm.
从意思上来分析，上面这句话需要表达的重要的概念是“grandfather’s not being able to study”，而在表达这个概念时，原句用的主语是situation，谓语动词是was，不能强调需要表达的重点概念，可以改为下面这句话：My
grandfather couldn’t study engineering because his father needed help on the
farm.
2. 避免频繁使用“there be”结构，例如下面的句子：
There were 25 cows on the farm that my
grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather.
可以改为：My
grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day.更简洁的句式为：My grandfather worked hard
milking 25 cows daily.
3. 把从句改为短语或单词。例如：
Dairy cows were raised on the farm，which was located100 kilometers
from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote.
简介的表达方式为：The
dairy farm was located in a remote area， 100 kilometers tothe nearest university.
4. 仅在需要强调宾语而不是主语的时候，才使用被动语态。例如：
In the fall， not only did the cows have to be milked， but also the hay was mowed and
stacked by my grandfather’s family.
本句不够简洁的原因是本句的重心应该是“忙碌的家庭-my
grandfather’s family”，而使用了被动语态后，仿佛重心变成了cows和hay。下面的表达方式是主动语态，相对来说更简洁一些：In the fall， my grandfather’s family not only
milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay.
5. 用更为精确的一个动词来代替动词短语，例如下面这句话：
My grandfather didn’t have time to stand
around doing nothing with his school friends. Stand around doing nothing其实可以用一个动词来表达，即loiter：My grandfather didn’t have time to
loiter with his school friends.
6. 有时两句话的信息经过组合完全可以用一句话来简练地表达，例如：
Profits from the farm were not large.
Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were
not sufficient to pay for a university degree. 两句话的信息可以合并为下面这句更为简洁的句子：Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational
expenses， let alone
pay for a university degree.
文章的段落，是文章的基本组成部分，一篇好的文章需要精心的段落构思和合理的段落安排，根据不同的题材确定不同的段落写作顺序。六级作文从结构上看，一般由三部分组成：引言部分(Introductory Part;展开部分(BodyPart);结尾部分(Ending Part)，而且每段往往只有一个主题，段中各支持句围绕明确的主题，层层展开论证并服务于主题句。整篇文章也是层层推进，环环相扣，条理分明，完整统一。下面进一步说明每一部分的具体写作技巧与要求：首先，引言部分Introductory Part
[1]. When asked about....., the
vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit
differently.
[2]. When it comes to .... , some people
bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true .
There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the
profer/latter ...)
[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely
believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt
whether.....
1-2 现象法引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .
[1]. Recently the rise in problem
of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide
concern.
[2]. Recently the issue of the problem
of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to
public attention)
[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality
... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face
now/constantly.
----- To be continued !!
1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.
[1]. Never history has the change of ..
been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn
more visible/popular than...
[2]. Now people in growing/significant
numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...[3]. Now there
is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people become
increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......
[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh
look at the attitude/idea that.......
1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!
[1]. "Knowledge is
power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared
by more and more people .
"Education is not complete with
gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now
more and more people share his opnion.
[2]."........." How often
we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .
In our own days we are used to hearing such
traditional complains as this "......".
[1]. The advantages gained from A are much
greater than the advantages we gain from B.
[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when
compared with B.
[3]. There is no doubt that it has its
negative effects as well as positive effects.3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!
[1]. A and B have several thing in common.
They are similar in that.....
[2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to
B.
Chapter Three 文章结尾形式
2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .
[1]. From what has been discussed above, we
may safely draw the conclusion that .....[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more
valuable .......
2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.[1].
We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... ,
if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......[2].
Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that
.. will be put in danger.
2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.
[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate
end to the undesirable tendcy of ......[2]. It is essential thar effective
measures should be taken to correct the tendency.2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的
方法.
[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately,
still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still
another one is .....[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step
toward the situation.
2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.[1].
Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none
is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .
[2]. There is no quick method to the issue
of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.[3]. The great challenge today is
...... There is much difficulty , but ........
[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee
the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only
benefit but also benefit .....
[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or
negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..
结尾万能公式1．结尾万能公式一：如此结论
Obviously（此为过渡短语）, we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness
and respect for others.
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on
account of this, thus
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore,
we can find that…
2．结尾万能公式二：如此建议
Obviously, it is high time that we took
some measures to solve the problem.Accordingly, I recommend that some measures
be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some
measures should be taken.
抗击疫情
