in teaching in the elementary school lower
grade calculation, accounts for a considerable proportion of students the most
error-prone and computing, especially with the advent of the era of computer,
computing capacity is often ignored by many people. i think computing
capability is a basic skills essential to everyone, to cultivate the students’
calculation ability is an important task in the primary school mathematics
teaching, is the important foundation of students to learn mathematics.
society, life, life is inseparable from the calculation, the calculation is the
key of the elementary school mathematics teaching.
famous mathematician qiuzong hu pointed out
that: if you want to learn math well, first of all to calculate, and to
calculate well, mental arithmetic is a kind of thinking ability. good mental
arithmetic, the brain can only problem is, anytime, anywhere can want to
question.
number sense, it with the music of the
"music" and "beauty" of art, maths has
"number sense". in the teaching, lets the student to observe,
from the view of mathematics understanding things around, using mathematical
concepts and language to reflect and describe the problem of social production
and life, combined with the concrete facts of life to teaching mathematics
knowledge, let students experience mathematics on the side, everywhere in the
life mathematics, with positive attitude in learning, experience the
"number sense".
oral is the basis of manual computation and
estimation, jane is, in any integer, decimal1
addition and subtraction, or, method, and
the four mixed operation, cannot leave the oral. such as: 360 present 18 = 360
present nine members present 2 = 40 members present 2 = 20, in the process of
the abridged, using three oral arithmetic. again such as calculation of 5764 +
3821, and, need four addition oral, any a link error, can lead to errors.
therefore, to improve the elementary student’s computing power, it must grab
from strengthening oral ability, oral training as a routine work. my particular
way is:
(1) using 3-5 minutes daily oral training.
in the teaching, i every day in the classroom use of 3-5 minutes oral training,
or shisuan or listen to calculate, or, in the case of a homework to copy one or
two off type calculation problem, marking and feedback in time every day,
gradually improve the students’ ability of calculation.
(2) memory and some commonly used data
coincidence counting method. as addition and subtraction, multiplication table
within 20, 1-20 square number, etc., require students to memorize and to the
point of blurt out. at the same time, often teach students some clever
calculate way, also can make its calculation speed is greatly increased. such
as: is multiplied by a number from "11", "on both
sides of a pull, a middle, ten a into a" forward; with a number is
multiplied by 5, 25, 125, can use opportunely calculate method:
try some division commercial law: differential
try to commercial law, with the head in addition to business method (when the
numbers on the dividend and the divisor that high phase at the same time,
commonly known as the "head", dividend top is smaller than
the divisor, and the divisor and dividend the number of times on the high error
is less than the highest level, can be directly used eight and nine test
quotient), median try commercial law, binary and commercial law, and so on,
these are students quick is necessary to master the basic method.
to make the student union, must make it clear
to calculate, this requires teachers to the algorithm and the principle of
teaching must be correct, because the first impression is very important, for
the first time speak wrong, it is hard to remove it later. remember a
psychologist said: first perception of new knowledge, proactive inhibition of
information into the brain can be affected by the interference, can leave deep
impression in students’ brain cortex. but if the first perception is not
accurate, the adverse consequences in the short term is difficult to remove.
therefore, the teacher must fully preparation, select the optimal scheme, in
order to achieve good teaching effect.
in students is clear, on the basis of to
promote diversity algorithm. diversity algorithm isn’t required that every student
(should) use a variety of methods to solve the same problem, but rather to
encourage students to think independently and solve with suitable methods,
ability can use a variety of methods, without the need of students in a can.
advocating algorithm diversity, also want to pay attention to the optimization
method, for students to come up with every kind of right way to give
affirmation, persuade students give up their backward trival, to follow the
outstanding, simple method, so as to make their thinking ability constantly
improve. especially for middle and s(谢谢你访问91考试网wWw.91exam.org)enior each kind of algorithm, can calculate, make
its own instructions in order to prevent the "learning, don’t know
why", at the same time cultivate students’ logical thinking and the
role of oral expression ability.
in our daily life and production practice,
some calculation and the measurement result can’t get or there is no need to
get the precise result or judgment, is employed to estimate method. such as the
size of a room, the distance from home to school, a building height,
experienced fishermen who judge a number of fish in the water, etc. attention
to the cultivation of students’ ability to estimate, therefore, not only can
make students’ thinking more flexible, but also for the cultivation of the
students’ ability of intuition thinking has a lot of help. at the same time,
strengthen the estimation, can deepen students understanding of digital,
promote the cultivation of number sense, enhance the consciousness of applied
mathematics, improve the ability of solving practical problems. in the
teaching, i regularly throughout some estimation techniques and methods:
1, the approximate estimation. in the
actual calculation, according to the number two at the same time for large or
for small at the same time, or a big one for small forecast, so that verbal
arithmetic is advisable. estimation process, because the student’s life
background, the different way of thinking, to estimate the results may not be
the same, therefore, allow a certain range between estimation results with the
accurate value of error of plus or minus error. such as:
2, contact the actual estimation. such as
computing, rent a car number, floor number to buy brick, etc., must be an integer,
and must adopt "into a"; do with tin tin box, tin box must be
an integer, and must use the "method" to end.
除了课堂上传授方法之外，最有效的方法是让学生在实际生活中锻炼，在处理具体问题中提高。
in addition to classroom teaching methods,
the most effective way is to let students exercise in real life, in dealing
with specific issues.
四、增强学生的实践能力
数学来源于生活，又服务于生活，而计算则是解决实际生活问题的重要手段。
mathematics comes from life and serves
life, and the calculation is the important means to solve the problem of real
life.
1, the present way of life. "new
standard" pointed out: through to real life situations, make students
experience, feel and understand the meaning of number and operations, to be
presented to students a lot of realistic background, closely related to
mathematics and the life. as in teaching 36 x 4, i import in the following way:
a top 36 yuan, how much do you need to buy 4 such blouse? this way of life for
the calculation type questions, students are willing to accept.
2, daily life mathematically. everywhere in
the life mathematics, such as street to buy clothes, about how much money need
to take, need to estimate; ready to buy how many pieces of goods, also need to
statistics and computation, so paying conscious attention to mathematics
education to students. while along with the parents to buy food, pay special
attention salesman is how to quickly calculate the results. we learned at the
same time, also want to use the methods of estimation, qiao is help to
calculate a calculate, in order to improve their computing power.
good habits and directly affects the
calculation speed and accuracy. in the teaching, i found that students’ math
error reasons not to do, but not by heart, so i think to make students form
good habits as follows.
1, written in the specification.
calculation error caused by writing is not standard phenomenon, such as due to
the "5" cursive writing, when calculating the next step is
mistakenly identified as "8"; write a "7"
scrawled "1", and cause calculation error. teacher is strict
with students writing format, and lead by example, being a good role model.
2, serious topic. it is the key to the
rapid and accurate calculation. do every computational problems, don’t rush to
laid hands on him, first have to look carefully, clear which step should be
calculated, which is calculated after step, where to find a find method can be
applied to calculation of, do know, and then carefully calculated, it is called
"knife don’t miss your job", i can’t give students changed to
topic calculation work by mistake.
3, diligently checking. calculation is a kind
of habit, is also a kind of ability. check whether subject requirement, all
students are required to have to do, gradually to develop students’ good habits
of calculating.
4, there is a fault that is change. after
every time i send the homework, students are required to immediately turn to
put the wrong topic review time, and see what went wrong, and timely
correction, so that further deepening the students understanding of calculate
theory, algorithm, achieve the goal of improve the computing capability.
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