In general, the kind  of news which may  be expected to  give  immediate  reward  are  news  of crime and  corruption,  accidents  and  disasters,  sports,  social  events,  and  human interest.  Delayed reward may  be  expected  from  news  of  public  affairs,  economic  matters,  social  problems,  science, education, and health.

    News of  the  first  kind  pays  its  rewards  at  once.  A reader can  enjoy   an  indirect  experience  without  any  of the dangers or  stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an  axe-murder, shake his head  sympathetically    and   safely at  a  hurricane,  identify  himself   with  the  winning   team,  laugh understandingly  at  a warm  little story  of children  or  dogs.

    News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader  to tolerate unpleasantness  or  annoyance—as,  for  example,  when  he  reads  of  the  threatening  foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has

a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only  by  hard  work. When  he  selects  news  of  the  other  kind, he  usually  withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.

     For  any  individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist  may  read  news  of  crime  as  a  social  problem, rather  than  for  its  immediate  reward. A  coach may read  a  sports  story  for  its  threat  value: he  may  have  to  play  that  team  next  week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very  much  as his wife reads  an  account  of  a party. In  any  given  story  of  corruption  or  disaster, a thoughtful reader  may  receive  not  only  the  immediate  reward  of  indirect  experience, but  also  the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an  individual’s  tendency  may  transfer  any  story  from  one  kind  of  reading  to  another,  or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.

第五部分:书面表达(满分25分)

81. 请阅读下面文字及图表,并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。

【写作内容】

1. 用约30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容;

2. 结合上述信息,简要分析导致交通问题的主要原因;

3. 根据你的分析,从社会规范(rules  and regulations)和个人行为两方面谈谈你得到的启示(不少两点)。

【写作要求】

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句; 2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

3. 不必写标题。

【评分标准】

内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。

 英语试题参考答案

第一部分(共20 小题;每小题1 分,共20 分)

 1. A     2. C     3. A    4. B     5. C     6. B    7. A     8. B     9. C   10. B

11. A    12. B    13. C   14. A    15. B    16. C   17. B    18. A    19. A   20. C

                                       — 14 —

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