1、选择题  铀239（style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">）经过衰变可产生钚239（style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">）．关于铀239的衰变，下列说法正确的是? （　　）
A．style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">与style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">的核内具有相同的中子数和不同的核子数
B．放射性物质style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">发生β衰变时所释放的电子来源于核外电子
C．style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">经过2次β衰变产生style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">
D．当温度变化时，style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">的半衰期不变

参考答案：CD

本题解析：

本题难度：一般

2、选择题  下列说法中正确的是 （ ?）
A．黑体热辐射强度的极大值随温度的升高向波长较大的方向移动
B．物质波和光波都是概率波
C．原子核越大，它的结合能越高，原子核中核子结合得越牢固
D．β衰变的实质是放射性原子核内的一个中子转化成了一个质子和一个电子

参考答案：BD

本题解析：

本题难度：简单

3、选择题  多选
放射性同位素电池是一种新型电池，它是利用放射性同位素衰变放出的高速带电粒子（α射线、β射线）与物质相互作用，射线的动能被阻止或吸收后转变为热能，再通过换能器转化为电能的一种装置。其构造大致是：最外层是由合金制成的保护层，次外层是防止射线泄漏的辐射屏蔽层，第三层是把热能转化成电能的换能器，最里层是放射性同位素。电池使用的三种放射性同位素的半衰期和发出的射线如下表：

参考答案：CD

本题解析：

本题难度：一般

4、填空题  平衡下列核反应方程式：
（1）xyB+α→713N+n，x=______，y=______．
（2）37Li+p→α+______．

参考答案：（1）方程中的n表示中子，所以根据电荷数与质量数守恒有：y+4=13+1，x+2=7，联立方程组解得：x=5，y=10．
故答案为：5，10．
（2）公式中p为质子，设生成的新核质量数为y，电荷数为x，则有：
7+1=y+4，3+12+x，所以解得：x=2，y=4，故生成的新核为α粒子，即24He．
故答案为：α．

本题解析：

本题难度：简单

5、选择题  科学家最近发现114号超重元素，这种元互的质量数为288，该元素经衰变成为铋208（

参考答案：由题意可知，该“超重”元素的质子数为114，质量数为288，故中子数为：288-114=174，
设经过x次α衰变和y次β衰变后变为铋208，根据质量数和电荷数守恒有：
114=83+2x-y，288=208+4x，解得：x=20，y=9，故B正确；
故选B．

本题解析：

本题难度：简单