1、选择题 火警的报警系统通常利用镅(
Am)衰变成镎(Np)时放出一种很容易被空气阻隔的新粒子,这种粒子是( )
A.He
B.H
C.n
D.e
参考答案:根据核反应方程中满足质量数守恒和电荷数守恒可知,生成的粒子质量数为241-237=4,电荷数为95-93=2,即质量数为4电荷数为2的粒子为氦的原子核即α粒子,故BCD错误,A正确.
故选A.
本题解析:
本题难度:一般
2、选择题 有一种衰变叫EC衰变,EC衰变发生于核内中子数相对过少的放射性原子核,核内的一个质子可以俘获一个核外电子并发射出一个中微子而转变为一个中子,经过一次EC衰变后原子核的( )
A.质量数不变,原子序数不变
B.质量数增加,原子序数不变
C.质量数不变,原子序数减少1
D.质量数减少1,原子序数减少1
参考答案:C
本题解析:
本题难度:简单
3、选择题 下列说法正确的是( )
A.同一元素的两种同位素具有相同的质量数
B.
C的半衰期会随着周围环境的温度的变化而改变
C.在核聚变反应中,反应物的总质量等于生成物的总质量
D.在卢瑟福的α粒子散射实验中,有少数α粒子发生大角度偏转
参考答案:A、同种元素的同位素,电荷数相同,中子数不同,则质量数不同.故A错误.
B、半衰期的大小由原子核内部因素决定,与温度无关.故B错误.
C、在核聚变反应中,有能量放出,根据质能方程知有质量亏损,即反应物的总质量大于生成物的总质量.故C错误.
D、在卢瑟福的α粒子散射实验中,有少数α粒子发生大角度偏转.故D正确.
故选D.
本题解析:
本题难度:一般
4、选择题 有些含有铀、钍的花岗岩等岩石会释放出放射性气体氡,而氡会发生放射性衰变,放出α、β、γ射线,下列说法正确的是( )
A.γ射线的穿透能力最强,电离能力也最强
B.发生α衰变时,生成核与原来的原子核相比,中子数减少了4
C.β衰变所释放的电子是原子核内的中子转化成质子而产生的
D.氡的半衰期为3.8天,若取4个氡原子核,经7.6天后就一定剩下一个原子核
参考答案:C
本题解析:
本题难度:简单
5、选择题   ;下列选项正确的是( )
A.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">天然衰变
B.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">轻核聚变
C.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">重核裂变
D.style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">人工转变
参考答案:AB
本题解析:
本题难度:简单