介 词

一、知识概述

介词是一种虚词，一般在句子中不重读，也不能单独充当句子成分，但与它的介词宾语一起构成介词短语，就可以在句子中作状语、定语和表语。

介词又称前置词，一般位于名词或代词的前面，表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。在学习介词时，最重要的是掌握介词的用法，动介词组的搭配，时间介词、方位介词、方向介词、位置介词、成语介词以及动向介词和静向介词的比较和区别。

二、介词的定义及句法功能

介词是一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词后的名词，或相当于名词的其他词组、短语或从句，称为介词宾语。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语在句中主要用作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。

The boy over there is my brother.(作定语)

A friend in need is a friend indeed.(作定语)

I shall meet you at the entrance of Qianmen Hotel.(作地点状语)

To their surprise, they saw not locusts, but seagulls.(作原因状语)

I’ll be in the office every afternoon.(作表语)

He isn’t at home(作表语)

The farmer made the king out of the water.(作宾语补足语)

I found everyt hing in good order(作宾语补足语)

三、介词与其他词类的固定搭配。

介词和动词、形容词、名词等常构成固定搭配。也就是说，在这些词的后面，常常要求用一定的介词。

1、形容词与介词的固定搭配

有些形容词后面要求用固定的介词，这类介词常见的有：

about, at, for, from, in, of, to, with

(1) 形容词+about

careful about

hopeful about

sure about

He is careless about his clothes

(2)形容词 +at

good at

surprised at

angry at

(3)形容词 + for

famous for

ready for

sorry for

I’m terrible sorry for telling him the truth.

(4)形容词 + from

different from

safe from

He was absent from class this morning

My sister is different from me in many ways.

(5)形容词 + in

interested in

successful in

He is interes ted in making model ships.

2、名词与介词的固定搭配

(1) 名词 + for

He made up an excuse for being late.

Did you find the cause for your failure?

(2) 名词 + in

He has some difficulty in translating the book

She has made great progress in English.

(3) 名词 + of

She found another way of solving the problem

He forms a bad habit of getting up late

(4) 名词 + on

There have been several attacks on foreigners recently .

Have pity on me!

(5) 名词 + with

I wanted to have a talk with you

He is always getting into trouble with the police