【动 词(一)】

一、知识概述

在英语中，每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语。说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”，动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词和名词、代词一样，有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般要与主语的人称和数保持一致。

学好了英语动词相当于学好了一半的英语语法，可见英语动词的重要性。在初中英语中，动词的分类、动词的时态和语态以及动词的各种形式之间的联系，非谓语动词的构成、用法等等贯穿整个初中课本，包括英语句型都离不开动词时态或语态，因此在学习时特别要注意英语中时态的运用和语态之间的区别。

二、动词的分类及作用

按照动词的词义和在句中的作用，英语动词可分为行为动词(又叫实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。

1、行为动词

表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。如：

She took pictures of trees.

He is typing letters.

行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

(1)及物动词

及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。

I enjoyed the film very much.

I gave the child another piece of cake.

常见的能带两个宾语的动词有：

bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.

(2)不及物动词

本身词义完整，后面不要求跟宾语。如：

Horses run fast.

They work in a factory.

She curled up in bed and began her book.

2、连系动词

(1)本身有词义，不能在句子中单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, become.

My father is an engineer.

My brother has become a doctor.

It seems that he was a millionaire.

I don’t feel very well today.

(2)表示感觉知觉的动词可以是连系动词，如feel, touch, sound, smell.

I can smell the sea.

The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.

I feel a pain in the arm.

She looked worried about it.

3、动词与介词的固定搭配

动词与介词的搭配主要指下列两种形式：

(1)动词+宾语+介词

The song always reminds me of my school days.

Parents usually expect a lot of their children.

I often take her for her sister.

He hides everything from me.

The headmaster praised the boy for his courage.

They s upplied people with enough food and drink.

They presented us with a lot of flowers.

The man was charged with murder.

(2)动词+反身代词+介词

dress oneself in prepare oneself for

give oneself to pride oneself on

He gives himself to pop music.

She always dresses herself in white.

【动 词(二)】

一、动词的形式

大多数动词有四种基本形式：

1、现在式;2、过去式;3、过去分词;4、现在分词;

现在式是字典中所给的形式，也可称为动词原形。按照动词各种形式的构成方法，动词可分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。

1、第三人称单数形式;加-s的规则

动词一般现在时单数第三人称形式的构成和名词复数的构成法及读音完全一样。

2、动词的过去式和过去分词：构成动词-ed形式的规则。

(1)规则变化的过去式和过去分词的构成是一样的。都加-ed。

(2)不规则动词的过去式及过去分词的形式是不规则的，可以查不规则动词变化形式表。

① 来源:91考试网有些动词的三种形式一样。如：

② 下面是一些易误用的不规则动词

3、英语动词的现在分词，一般在动词末尾加-ing。