2015年职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1?15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近 的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept

2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work.

A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste

3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.

A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny

4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.

A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible

5.They were locked in mortal combat.

A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active

6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.

A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum

7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.

A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct

8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.

A. service B. danger C. disorder D. threat

9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.

A. survive B. last C. die D. move

10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building.

A. fair B. full C. coexisting D. public

11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.

A. policy B. value C. equality D. integration

12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.

A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal

13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation.

A. silence B. praise C. assure D. complain1

4. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear.

A. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. continuous

15.The starving children were a pathetic sight.

A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful

第2部分：阅读判断(第16?22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请 选择C。

Cities “Worse to Live in Than 20 Years Ago

One thousand people were surveyed about a range of issues which affectcities, and the remarkable findings show that life in today’s mega-cities is sostressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living in big cities wouldlike to relocate to the countryside or a small town.

The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the listof problems. For many people, the daily commute (通勤)to work is a source offrustration. 40% of the people in the survey have suffered from road rage whilestuck in traffic on the way to work. The cost of public transport is also aserious problem. Many people think the price of underground and bus travel istoo high and that they have to devote more than 10% of their salary to transportcosts.

The general cost of living in cities is another problem. The high properlyprices in most big cities put buying a property out of reach of most first-timebuyers. Many young people are priced out of the housing market, and have to takein lodgers to make ends meet, or rent over-priced flats miles away from the citycentre. In London, for instance, the price of buying even a one-bedroom flat isso prohibitive that many have given up even considering putting money aside fora deposit.

Another issue facing people who live in cities is rising crime. Crime rateshave rocketed in many big cities, and many say there are several dangerous no-goareas in their city. Fear of crime is on the increase- —street crimes, such asmugging and assault, are now very common- and many are afraid of going out atnight alone.

Many were also concerned by the lack of green spaces and play facilities forchildren. Most major conurbations (有卫星的大都市)surveyed have a far smaller number ofparks and gardens than a generation ago. Planning permission seems to have beengiven for an ever-greater number of supermarkets, office developments andapartments on sites where there were previously green spaces. Many of therespondents in the survey said they felt stressed and suffocated (窒肩、)in thecity, a problem which is compounded by pollution.

And finally，the majority of people in the survey were fed up with theconstant noise pollution---the roar of traffic, the sound of loud music blaring(发朿!j耳声)out of a neighbor’s window, and the constant sound of activity. It isnot surprising, then, that the levels of stress-related illnesses among peoplewho live in cities are higher than ever before. Big cities，once a mecca(朝拜的地方)for ambitious people seeking fame and fortune, are now less and lesspopular among people of all ages. Perhaps the 21st century is set to be thecentury of the small town and the countryside.

16. Most people in the survey who live in big cities would like to movesomewhere smaller.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17. Many people in the survey think public transport is reasonablypriced.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18. It is difficult to buy a flat in London because of the cost.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19. The crime rate has remained stable in recent years.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20. There are fewer green areas in cities than there used to be.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21.London has had some success in reducing pollution

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22. Noise pollution is seen as a big problem by most people in thesurvey.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23?30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23 ——26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选 择1个小标题;(2)第27 ——30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”

1 The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary-school teaching (pupil aged 11-16)，and the conclusion of the report is that manysecondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to beteachers. Since the 1980s，the number of graduates who say they would “seriouslyconsider” teaching as a career has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17%today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order toencourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.

2 The main drawback of secondary teaching, according to the report, is thelow salary, Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs, andthis means that fewer and fewer, young people decide to be teachers. JoanneManners, 24，is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year，and I wasthinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacherbut when Ilooked into details, it became clear that teaching isn’t a very lucrative(赚钱的)job these days. I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketingor advertising, and so I decided not to become a teacher?”

3 It’s not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that anotherreason why people don’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave verybadly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seemsclear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past.Here’s the view of Dave Hallam，an accountant from London: “I think parents areto blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and alsoteach their children to have more respect for teachers.”

4 “I love teaching; it’s my passion. I’ve been a secondary-school teacher ofSpanish for ten years now, and although it’s a very demanding job, it’s verysatisfying. When I see my students passing their Spanish exams, or singing alongto Spanish pop songs, it makes me feel so proud,” says Brian Jones, who works ina secondary school in London. So what does he think the government should do toencourage more people to become teachers? “My view is that the government shouldreduce the burden of work on teachers. I find that I always have too much workto do.”

5 The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very seriousone. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, tocatch up with workers in other professions. It also suggests that the governmentcould launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV andin the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Another solution could be set a maximum number of hours per week that teacherscan work, in order to reduce stress on teachers. “HopefUlly，” the reportconcludes, “these solutions can improve the poor image of secondary teaching,and increase the number of young people who want to become teachers in thefliture.”

22. Paragraph 1

23. Paragraph 2

24. Paragraph 3

25. Paragraph 4

A. A nationwide publicity campaign

B . Heavy workload on teachers

C. Students，bad behavior and lack of discipline D ? Improvement of childrenbehavior

E. A report on teacher shortage

F. The problem of low salary

26. More and more young people are held back from teaching

28. Parents are encouraged to back the teacher up when there are

29. The government should reduce the workload on teachers to ease

30. The government should promote teaching as a career by advertising

A. because of it low pay

B .their stress

C. its benefits

D their childhood memories

E. discipline problems

F.more training

第4部分：阅读理解(第31?45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇 What’s killing the Bats

First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard todiscover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in thenortheastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the commonlittle brown bats (Myotis lucifiigus，)but other species, such as the long-earedbat, the small-footed bat，the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have alsobeen affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations havedied.

One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has beenfound on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don’t knowif the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death，or not acause at all, but the result of some other conditions.

Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat alarge number of moths (蛾)，and in some states such as New York, the number ofmoths has been declining in recent years. If bats can’t eat enough food, theystarve to death.

Still other scientists believe that global wanning is to blame. Warmertemperatures in recent years have been walking up hibernating (冬目民)bats earlierthan usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might notfind their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again andweaken or kill the bats.

Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off，but they do agreeon the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a singlebrown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles andother insects that damage plant crops. If there aren’t enough bats, damage willbe great from the insects they eat while bats live a long time for theirsize---the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years---a female bat hasonly one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in theUnited States are already protected or endangered.

How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discoverbats that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your lock Fish&WildlifeDepartment with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.

29. what is the main idea of this passage?

A. All species of bats in North America are dying.

B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats

C. The bat deaths are a serious problem

D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.

30. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Bees have been dying mysteriously

B. The first article on the website is about bees.

C. Bees usually die before bats

D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.

31. The word “pipistrelle” in Paragraph I refers to

A. a kind of ftmgus

B. an area in the U.S.

C. a special cave

D. a kind of bat

32. The “moths” in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of

A. disease that kill bats

B. insects that bats eat

C. animals that have diseases

D. bat species that are starving to death

33. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. to get people to stop killing bats

B. to hire workers for the Fish&Wildlife Department

C. to ask people not to touch dead bats

D. to tell the public how to help bats.

第二篇 Is There a Way to Keep Britain’s Economy Growing?

In today’s knowledge economy，nations survive on the things they do best.Japanese design electronics while Germens export engineering techniques. TheFrench serve the best food and Americans make computers.

Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacturemuch of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earntheir living from talk, talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank1says the UKfs four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers andnurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants andmanagers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The Britishgovernment thinks it can.

Although the country’s trade deficit was more than ￡ 60 billion in 2006，UK'slargest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worryabout. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and itstill makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services —accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britainis on the cutting edge2 of the knowledge economy. After all, the country ofShakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock“n” roll3 is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made bytheir cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty ofstrength to carry the British economy.

However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UICs exportsof goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make aprofit，according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technologyand the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engagedin "innovation activities' 3 percentage points below the EU average and wellbelow Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).

In fact，it might be better to call Britain a nservantM economy — there are atleast 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employedby the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates areeven doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employmentgrowth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the servicesector 一 in shops, bars，hotels，domestic service and in nursing and carehomes.

34. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs inBritain today is

A. law makers

B. home servants

C. school teachers

D. business consultants.

35. The phrase “the cutting edge” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. the most popular

B. the mos丈 advanced

C. the most political

D. the proudest

36. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006，becausethey believe

A. Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

B. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.

C. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.

D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the British economy.

37. Which of the following is true about the creative industries inBritain?

A. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations.

B. They contribute a lot to the country’s trade deficit.

C. They can’t make a profit out of their innovative activities.

D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

38. It can be inferred from the passage that

A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.

B. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.

C. the British government is over-confident in its economy.

D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.

第三篇 The Sandwich Generation

Today people often look forward to their middle age as a time when they willbe able to take things easier. After their children are grown，they expect toenjoy the life they have worked hard to create. However the reality is oftenvery different. In middle age，many people discover that they have two ongoingresponsibilities1: one is to look after their aging parents, and the other is tohelp their young adult children deal with the pressures of life. Around theworld, there are millions of people who are “sandwiched” in between the olderand the younger generations. Sometimes there may be two or three generationsliving in the same household — a situation that is common in many Asiancountries and in some parts of Europe. In other cases, a couple may be takingcare of parents and children, but they do not live with them.

There are two important reasons for the rise of the sandwich generation.First, people are living longer than they used to. In the early nineteenthcentury, the average life expectancy for adults in the United States，forexample, was about 40，whereas today people live to an average age of 75.Therefore, children are taking care of their parents over a longer period oftime. The second reason is that these days, young adults often live with theirparents for a longer time than they did in the past. This is often for financialreasons. It’s also more common for today’s young adults to return home during orafter college if they need financial or emotional support.

Young adults feel sandwiched between their financial responsibilities andtheir desire to enjoy life. They may have to cover expenses that their parentscannot. They may have to manage their parents’ financial and legal affairs. Theymay have to prepare for their parents’ future needs, such as special medicalcare or a move to a nursing home. This can be a traumatic experience foreveryone.

Caring for adult children presents challenges as well, and caregivers have toresolve important questions; How can financial responsibilities be shared amongmembers of the household? How can household chores be shared? What is the bestway to ensure everyone’s privacy? Successfully coping with these issues canavoid a lot of stress for the whole family.

The financial and emotional pressures on the sandwich generation can beoverwhelming. However, this time in life also has its rewards. It can be a timeto rediscover the special qualities of one’s parents or children. It can alsoprovide a valuable opportunity to spend more time with them. However，in order tosurvive this difficult period in their lives，the members of the sandwichgeneration must remember that they also need to pay attention to their own needsand look after the quality of their own lives. They can’t be totallyselfless.

39. According to the first paragraph, many people in middle age

A. are able to take things easier when their children are grown.

B. can’t enjoy their life as they have expected

C. can’t enjoy their life because they haven’t worked hard enough.

D. are facing great pressure from their work.

40. Which is true about the sandwich generation?

A. Their parents are unable to take care of themselves.

B. Their parents are often facing the pressures of life.

C. They are tom between the responsibilities for their parents andchildren.

D. They all have to live with their parents and children.

41. Why do some young adults choose to live with their parents thesedays?

A. They are too young to be independent from their parents.

B. They want to help their parents to take care of their aginggrandparents.

C. They need support from their parents to deal with their financialproblems.

D. They are more emotional than the young adults in the past.

42. The sandwich generation face the following challenges EXCEPT

A. sharing household chores

B . ensuring everyone，s privacy

C. shouldering the financial responsibilities of the household

D. determining who is the caregiver of the family

43. To survive the difficult period in their lives，the sandwich generationneed to

A. be totally selfless

B. consider their own wellbeing

C. rediscover the merits of their children

D. value the time spent with their parents.

第5部分：补全短文(第46?50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别 放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Gorillas have a word for it

Kokois the first gorilla to have been taught sign language (a way ofcommunicating by using hands and fingers rather than speech). With a vocabularyof more than1000 words, she is the first to prove we share a world with otherintelligent beings who feel emotions, look forward to celebrations and also havea sense of humour.

The 30-year study of Koko has redefined science’s concept of gorillaintelligence. 46 But

what had not been recognized by the scientific community was that gorillashave the ability to learn a language and have complex emotions.

Koko lives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America，in a wooded spotoverlooking a valley. 47

She has a barrel on which she likes to sit when 'talking' to humans -gorillas feel more secure

when they can look down on others - while her toys are spread everywhere. Inaddition she has an outside enclosure where she spends her days when it is notraining.

It is her conversations with her teacher, Dr Penny Patterson, that areinspiring. Penny explains: ‘The reality of my discovery is that our abilities ashumans, our skills, sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the greatapes. 48

When she began teaching Koko sign language, placing the little fingers of theone-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for 'drink', 'eaf, ’more、andrewarding her with food, Dr Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn.“At first, it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to getsomething，，，says Patterson. ’It became the kind of reward system that you couldexpect of a cat or a dog. But early in her training, she began to combine signsthat made me think she was capable of more.’ 49

For example, she didn't know the word for ’ring’，so she combined the signsfor ‘finger’ and

bracelet’ to express it.

Dr Patterson continues: ‘Koko loves babies and young people. And when she isasked what gorillas like best, she always says "Gorilla love eat, good’V One ofPatterson’s favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour. 50

When Patterson asked her what she would like for her 11th birthday, Kokosigned that she wanted a cat. The story of Koko’s cat enabled Patterson to learnmore about her student: the cat was hit by a car and

Patterson had to break the news to Koko, who signed 'cry, sad，frownf. Then,once alone, Patterson heard Koko make the gorilla’s distress call: a loud seriesof hoots.

From the age of three, Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who wasintended as a mate. However, Michael died suddenly two years ago of a heartattack. ‘Koko went into a depression following Michael’s death，’ says Patterson.‘She would sit for hours with her head hung low looking upset.'

Dr Patterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii, wherePatterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge. Koko signed ‘Yes，，providedshe could have curtains in her new home!

A. When a visitor asked her to show him something scary, she held up a mirrorto his face!

B. ?

C. According to some scientist, genetically there is only a 2% differencebetween gorillas and humans; we share the same blood type, have the same numberof hairs per square inch and also the same temperament.

D. She has her own home, with curtains, and a nest of blankets, which is herbed, in one comer.

E. What we have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we everimagined

F. Now Koko is so proficient in sign language that if she doesn’t know a wordshe invents one.

第6部分：完形填空(第52?65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Beginning of American Literature

American has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans “discovered”America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for manypeople a genuine (51) of a new life,an escape from poverty and persecution, achance to (52) again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope.(53)，however，does American literature begin? American literature begins withAmerican (54). Long before the first colonists arrived, native

Americans (55) here. Each tribe*s literature was tightly woven into thefabric of daily life and (56) the unmistakably American experience of liningwith the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement,(57) its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers (58) home.In addition, the (59) of the people who lived and died in the New Englandwilderness (60) unforgettable tales of hard end sometimes heartbreakingexperiences of those early years.

Experience, then, is the (61) to early American literature. The New Worldprovided a great variety of experiences, and (62) experiences demanded a widevariety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. Thesewriters (63) John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half year: on the American,continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd, who thought ofthemselves (64) British subjects，never suspecting a revolution that would (65) aUnited States of America with a literature of its own. AmericanIndians，explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner 一 theyare all the creators of the first American literature.

51 A article B hope C-concern D respect

52 A rise B discover C fall D start

53 A Which B What - C When D Why

54 A experiences B dreams C calls D efforts

55 A arrived B lived C left D fled

56 A provided B offered C reflected D gained

57 A found B caught C observed D changed

58 A abandoned B went C built D sent

59 A journeys B journals C belongings D deaths

60 A tell B read C write D hear

61 A point B beginning C key D reference

62 A these B both C all D other

63 A studied B exposed C described D included

64 A towards B as C like D with

65 A praise B give C create D treat

参考答案：

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