2015年职称英语考试真题——卫生类A级真题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1——15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.

　　A heard of B rubbed out C looked at D spoken out

　　2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.

　　A exhausted B scared C worried D frightened

　　3 The woman living next door is extremely slender.

　　A slim B tall C weak D pale

　　4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.

　　A almost B probably C evidently D completely

　　5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.

　　A kept thinking about B took advantage of

　　C paid no attention to D cared nothing about

　　6 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.

　　A late B sudden C unfriendly D untold

　　7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.

　　A decision B mistake C promise D plan

　　8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed

　　A predict B think C suggest D argue

　　9 My room is really very cosy.

　　A cool B cold C clean D comfortable

　　10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.

　　A curious B courteous C quiet D shy

　　11 He never grumbled about working overtime.

　　A complained B talked C wrote D spoke

　　12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.

　　A held B embraced C kissed D patted

　　13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.

　　A sentences B comments C theories D conclusions

　　14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.

　　A courageous B angry C greedy D glorious

　　15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.

　　A attend B celebrate C chair D prepare

第2部分：阅读判断(第16—— 22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

One-Third of Parents Lack Facts about Child Development

One-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of childdevelopment,

including basic concepts about what their children should know or how theyshould act, a new study finds.

For instance, the study found that many the difference between right andwrong, and with other children.

parents don't know that l-year-olds can't tell often don't cooperate or sharewhen playing

The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the surveyhad young children, said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow atthe University of Rochester Medical Center in New York. "They were watching orhad just watched their kids go through this development, and they were probablythe most knowledgeable of anybody. "

Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents-98. 6percent of whom were mothers-of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part ofthe survey ,the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledgeof a baby's development.

The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactionswith their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new thingsto their kids.

One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of thequestions. Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to account for suchfactors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely toenjoy " healthy interactions" with their children.

A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause variousproblems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a mother might expect an18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment, even though childrenthat age are normally curious and like to wander around.

"A mom could misinterpret a child's normal curiosity as intentionally beingdefiant (反抗的) , and could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affectionand repetition of that pattern over time," Paradis said. "That could hinder thechild's potential for full growth and development."

One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active rolein educating new parents. "By improving knowledge of child development among allparents, not just those who are at highest risk, there's an opportunity toenhance parent-child interaction,"she said. "It can ultimately lead to betterparenting. "

16 A majority of parents of babies know little about child development.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

17 Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

18 The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

19 Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

20 Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

21 Children of one and a half years old like to sit still.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

22 Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved.

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

参考答案：B A A C C B B

概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

The Ebola Outbreak

1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling anEbola outbreak.Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection.Scientistsbelieve that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals.Itis now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus.

2 To date,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing amajor outbreak:Sierra Leone,Liberia and Guinea.However,other countries such asNigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.

3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries yourisk of contracting the virus is virtually zero.Unlike other recent airbornevirus outbreaks like SARS,the Ebola virus can only be spread through directcontact with an infected person.Specifically,Ebola is spread through contactwith body fluids.Though,the virus is transmittable,only an infected personexhibiting symptoms is communicable.

4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typicallyexhibit them after a week of contracting the virus.Symptoms may appear as earlyas two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection.Symptoms includedisgust,weakness and stomach pain.More uncommon symptoms include chestpain,bleeding and sore throat.

5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate inevery organ of the body.This causes an overstimulation of the body’sinflammatory response,causing the flu-like symptoms.The virus also causesbleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制),making bleedingeven more severe.Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)ultimately lead to organ failure and death.

6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years.Whilediseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable,Ebola is one of theworld’s most fatal viral infections.Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that ofSARS.

23 Paragraph2

24 Paragraph3

25 Paragraph4

26 Paragraph 5

A Am I at risk of contracting the virus?

B How do I know if I have contracted the virus?

C What caused the Ebola outbreak?

D What exactly does Ebola do to the body?

E Is the current outbreak the deadliest?

F What areas are currently affected?

27 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in _

28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in _

29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear

30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with

A infected body fluids

B the mode of transmission

C within a wide range of days

D three countries in West Africa

E against the outbreak severity

F the initial days of being infected

答案：D A C E E C F A

阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on touniversity ,reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy andSahlgrenska University Hospital.

The results were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy ofScience( PNAS). The study involved l. 2 million Swedish men doing militaryservice who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed theresults of both physical and IQ tests the youngesters took right after theystarted serving the army.

The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better resultsfor the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbalcomprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for theIQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart andlung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen, " says Michael Nilsson,professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the SahlgrenskaUniversity Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear linkwith fitness, but not with muscular strength. We are also seeing that there aregrowth factors that are important. "

By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine thatit is primarily environmental factors 'and not genes that explain the linkbetween fitness and a higher IQ.

"We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitnessbetween the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says MariaAberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health center."This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an importantplace in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in math andother theoretical subjects. "

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests duringnational service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Thosewho were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and manysecured more qualified jobs.

31 The researchers in this study come from

A Aby health centre.

B the Swedish army.

C the National Academy of Science.

32 Which of the following is an indication of physical fitness?

A Brain size.

B Good lung capacity.

C Clear logical thinking.

D Muscular strength.

33 By enhancing physical fitness, one could improve the following EXCEPT

A emotional behavior.

B cognitive performance.

C heart capacity.

D verbal comprehension.

34 The study findings include the following EXCEPT that

A growth factors are significant for a person's IQ.

B young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests.

C young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ.

D youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education.

35 The word "secured" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to

A insured. B assured. C obtained. D studied

第二篇

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leadingnormal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.

The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed (害羞的) and often misdiagnosed.Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10years or more before

seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.

" Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent andirrational fear of social or performance situations," Jerilyn Ross, theAssociation's president and CEO,said during a teleconference Wednesday.

"The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and evenother people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated orembarrassing themselves ,"Ross said.

Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and jobperformance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very difficult for people to developfriendships and romantic partnerships," she said.

People with this disorder recognize their fear is excessive and irrational,Ross noted.

"But they feel powerless to do anything about it," she said.

Social anxiety disorder can start in the early teens, Dr. Mark H. Pollack,director of the Center for Anxiety and Traumatic (心灵创伤的) Stress Disorders and aprofessor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, said during theteleconference.

"This is a disorder that starts affecting people early on," Pollack said."The typical age of onset (开始) is early adolescence, age 12 0r 13, and manyindividuals report a history of anxiety dating back to earlier childhood. "

The disorder also has physical symptoms, including heart palpitations (心陲) ,feelings that their throat will close up, sweating, blushing, faintness,trembling and stammering,Ross said.

Among people with the disorder, 75 percent said the condition affected theirability to do normal activities. In addition, 69 percent said they didn't wantpeople to think they were crazy, and 58 percent said they were embarrassed bytheir condition, Ross said.

However, when the condition was diagnosed and treated, many reportedimprovement in their lives. In fact, 59 percent who were receiving treatmentsaid that treatment had a positive effect on their ability to have a romanticrelationship. In addition, 39 percent who had received treatment said knowingthat treatment could be successful aided their decision to get help, Rossnoted.

36 Which of the following is NOT true of the people with social anxietydisorder?

A They find it difficult to make friends.

B They are often isolated and ashamed.

C They frequently fail to get timely treatment

D They tend to criticize other people.

37 People with the disorder think that their fear is

A justified. B beneficial. C controllable D beyond control

38.Usually the disorder starts to affect people when

A they fall in love.

B they begin to work.

C they get married.

D they are in their early teens.

39.All the following are likely symptoms of the disorder EXCEPT

A heart palpitations. B sweating.

C sore throat. D blushing.

40.The last paragraph indicates that treatment of the disorder

A had no positive effect on those affected.

B was unavailable to those affected.

C was often rejected by those affected.

D could improve the life of those affected.

第三篇

Ear Breakthrough

New research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantlyto our understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf andhard of hearing people.

The latest research, conducted by Dr.Jorg T.Albert, a Deafness Research UKresearch fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at theUniversity of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanicallyamplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory (感觉的 ) cellsfound in the inner ear of vertebrates (脊椎动物) including humans. The finding meansthat the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit flycan now be used to target how the ear works.

Dr. Albert says, "The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit fliesand humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing. We may be allowedto hope that these mechanistic (机械学的) similarities extend further down to thegenes and molecules that

bring about hearing. But even if it finally should turn out that hearing infruit flies relies on afferent molecules than does hearing in humans, the littlefruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing researchand-what is sometimes even more important- The work is welcomed by DeafnessResearch UK, the country's only medical research charity for deaf people.Vivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UK, says, ";This is animportant advance that paves the way toward a clear understanding of thegenetics of deafness. The charity will continue to support cutting-edge (尖端的)research through its Fellowship programme at the UCL Ear Institute and at othertop-,research centers in the UK to achieve our goal of securing radical

improvements in the prevention, diagnosis and treatments of all forms ofhearing impairment. "

There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in mostcases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as"hair" cells. The cells can be damaged and lost through ageing, noise, geneticdefects and certain drugs and, because the cells don't regenerate, the result isprogressive-and irreversible-hearing loss. Damage- to these cells can als0 1eadto tinnitus (耳鸣) , which affects around five million people in the UK.

41 A person who is har4 0f.,it hearing is

A totally deaf from birth

B not able to hear pjl70p——ai;rily.

C unwilling to listen to others.

D ignorant of how the ear works.

42 Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used

A to target how the ear works.

B to stimulate sensory cells.

C to amplify sound sign.

D to study the fruit fly.

43 Fruit flies and humans share similarities in how they

A convert sound into nerve signals.

B ask and answer questions.

C pass on their genes.

D reproduce.

44 Vivienne Michael frorn.Deafness'f:t9fsearch UK highly appreciates

A the genetics of deafness.

B the charity's Fellowship programme.

C the latest research conducted by Dr.Aibert.

D improvements in treating hearing impairment.

45 Hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cells

A can affect five million people in the UK.

B can be progressively repaired. .

C cannot lead to tinnitus.

D cannot be cured.

参考答案：DBACC DDDCD BDACD

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共计10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke

Australian doctors declared Monday that a cocktail of simple antihypertensivedrugs can lower the risk of patients suffering a repeat stroke by more than athird. This is the result of

their research. _ (46)

Strokes kill 5 million people a year and more than 15 million suffernon-fatal strokes that often leave them with useless limbs)s, broken speech andother serious disabilities. ____(47)

An international six-year study of 6,100 patients directed from SydneyUniversity found that by taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs, the risk ofsecondary strokes can be reduced up t0 40 percent. Even taking one of thecommonly available drugs can cut the risk by a third, the study said (48) Theyeven found that the risk of another stroke could be cut by three quarters amongthe one-in-ten patients Who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage (脑出血) the worsttype of stroke, where here is direct bleeding into the _ (49) "If most of thepatients were able to get access to this treatment ,it would result in maybe theavoidance of half a million strokes a year," the professor told Australia's ABCRadio.

(50) "What we have shown for the first time is what your blood pressure is;if you-have had a stroke, then reduce large benefits, lo begin with-even forl:ieople whose below average," he said.

that it does not really matter lowering blood pressure will

blood pressure is average or McMahon said the Milan gathering hadheralded(预示) the research as a "major breakthrough in the care of patients withstrokes-perhaps the biggest step forward that we have made in the last couple ofdecades.

A Stephen McMahon, who presented the research at the Milan congress of theEuropean Society of Hypertension, said about 50miilion people were alive who hadsuffered at least one stroke.

B The research has been valued highly as a major breakthrough in strokeprevention.

C Strokes may be reduced when the stroke patients are treated with cocktailtherapy.

D The drugs in combination were effective even in patients who did not havehigh blood pressure, the researchers said.

E McMahon said doctors had long known that lowering the Wood pressure ofthose with hypertension could help prevent strokes:

F One in five stroke survivor goes on to have a second, often fatal,strokewithin five years of the first.

参考答案：BFDAE

第6部分：完形填空(第51——65题，每题1分，共l5分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一个最佳选项。

Stage Fright

Fallow as you come onstage. That's an odd trick. Not recommended. But itsaved the pianist Vladimir F6rltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. Theveteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovictf tripped him purposely to cure him ofpre-performance panic Mr. Feltsman said, " All my fright was - ( 51 ). I alreadyfell what else could

happen?"

Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that _(52) with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety ofstrategies that musicians can learn to _ (53) stage fright and its symptoms: icyfingers, shaky

limbs, racing heart, blank mind.

Teachers and psychologists offer wide-range advice, from basics like learningpieces inside out, _ (54) metal discipline, such as visualizing a performanceand taking steps to relax. Don't _ (55) that you're jittery, they urge; someexcitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in publicoften, simply for the experience.

Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some ( 56 ) for the moments beforeperformance, "Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, thensmile, she says. "And not one of these 'please don't kill me' smiles. Then( 57)three friendly faces in the audience, people would communicate with and makemusic to, and make eye contact with them." She doesn't want performers to thinkof the audience (58)a judge Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often saysDorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She what their students are able toachieve. at the _ (59) of stage fright, tells other teachers to demand only WhenLynn Harrell was 20, he became he principal cellist of the Cleverland and hesuffered extreme stage fright. "There were times when I got so Orchestra, (60) Iwas sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It wasjust total panic.came to a _ ( 61 ) where I thought 'If I have to go throughthis to play music, I think I'm going to look for another job. Recovery, hesaid, involved developing humility-recognizing that

not a disaster.( 62 ) his talent, he was fallible, and that an imperfectconcert was

It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianistVladimir Horowitz's nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli isanother example. "They had to push him on stage," Soprano Renata Scotto recalled( 63 ) , success can make things worse. "In the beginning of your career, whenyou're scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don't have any( 64)," Soprano June Anderson said. " There's you're known, people are coming to seeyou, and they have a lot to lose. "(65) to lose. Later on, when

certain expectations. You have

Anderson added, "I never stop being nervous until I've sung

51 A gone B saved C assessed D observed

52 A work B deal C enroll D communicate

53 A explain B understand C fight D analyze

54 A to B of C at D for

55 A tell B deny C confirm D argue

56 A reasons B supports C strategies D demands

57 A watch B draw C recognize D choose

58 A as B like C by D on

59 A time B rate C root D beginning

60 A decisive B excited C grateful D nervous

61 A room B moment C corner D point

62 A whenever B whatever C wherever D however

63 A Actually B Correspondingly C Certainly D Similarly

64 A sensations B appreciations C expectation D contributions

65 A much B less C some D more

参考答案：ABCAB CDACD DBACB

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