第31—45题，每题3分，共45分 1、 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇：What Is Death?People in the past did notquestion the difference between life and death. They could see that a persondied when his heart stopped beating. People have learned, however, that thebody does not die immediately when the heart stops beating. They discoveredthat we remain alive as long as our brain remains active. Today the differencebetween life and death is not as easy to see as in the past. Modern medicaldevices can keep the heart beating and the lungs breathing long after the brainstops. But is this life?This question has caused muchdebate among citizens in the United States. Many of them want a law that says aperson is dead when the brain dies. A person should be considered dead whenbrain waves stop even if machines can keep the body alive. Such a law wouldpermit doctors to speed removal(切除) of undiseased(没病的)organs for transplant(移植)operations.The brain is made of thousandsof millions of nerve cells. These cells send and receive millions of chemicaland electrical messages every day. In this way the brain controls the otherbody activities. Nerve-cell experts say it usually is easy to tell when thebrain has died. They put small electrodes(电极)on a person’s skull (头骨)to measure the electrical signals that pass in and out of the brain. Thesebrain waves are recorded on a television screen or on paper. The waves move upand down every time the brain receives messages from the nerve cells. The brainis dead when the waves stop moving.Although there are people whooppose the idea of a law on brain block for variouis reasons, the idea of brainwave activity as a test of death is slowly being accepted.
1People in the past held thatthe difference between life and death
2Which of the following is NOTa phenomenon mentioned in the passage?
3 When a person should beconsider dead is currently a matter
4 The brain controls the otherbody activities through
5 More and more people arebeginning to accept the idea that a person is dead
2、 第二篇：New foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothingabout people-not their clothes, ideas, or languages – has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolatewas made from the seeds of the cocoa tree(可可树)by South American Indians. The Spanish Introduced it to the rest of the worldduring the 1500’s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable.In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meetingplaces. Some still exit today. The potato is also from the New World.Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon waswidely grown. Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish peoplestarved when the crop failed during the “potatoFamine(饥荒)”of 1845-1846, and thousands more were forced to leave their homeland and moveto America. There are many other foods that havetraveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in theopposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, andcoffee is an important crop in colombia and other South American countries. Butit is native to Ethiopia, a country is Africa. It was first made into a drinkby Aragbs during the 1400’s. According to an Arabic legend, coffeewas discovered when a person named kaldi noticed that his goats were attractedto the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the daywith.
1According to the passage,which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 years?
2“some” in the last sentence ofthe first paragragh refers to
3Thousands of Irish peoplestarved during the “Potato Famine” because
4 Which country is the largestcoffee producer?
5 Which of the followingstatements is Not True, Acoording to the passage?
3、 第三篇：Giving Up SmokingA number of devices areavailable to help a person quit smoking. Nicotine(尼古丁) patches are small, nicotine-containing adhesive(粘着性的) discs applied to the skin. The nicotine is slowly absorbedthrough the skin and enters the bloodstream. Over time, the nicotine dose isreduced and eventually the desire for nicotine is eased. Nicotine gum works ina similar manner, providing small doses of nicotine when chewed.The benefits of giving upsmoking include the immediate reduction of harm to the health of the smokingand easily admission to social activities and institutions that ban smoking. Ina 1988 report, the U.S. Surgeon General declared cigarette smoking to be moreharmful and expensive than the use of cocaine(可卡因), alcohol, or heroin. Recent evidence supports this claim.The United States governmenthas collected a special tax on cigarettes for several decades. The rate rosefrom 8 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes in 1951 to 24 cents per pack in 1993. Inother developed countries, the cigarette tax rate is much higher, ranging from50 percent in Switzerland to 85 percent in Denmark.In the United States, thefirst direct action to check smoking was the regulation of a warming oncigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission. This warning took effect in1964 and was strengthened in 1969 to read:“Warning: The Surgeon General HasDetermined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerouis to Your Health.”In 1971 allcigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities andstates passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public places andworkplaces.
1Which of the following canhelp a person quit smoking?
2Nicotine gum is used to help asmoker
3The benefits of giving upsmoking include all the following EXCEPT
4Which of the following is saidto be the most expensive and harmful?
5Which of the following is NOTmentioned as a step to control smoking?
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