[职称英语真题]2013年理工类A级考试真题及参考答案详解

2016-02-22 13:23:20 来源:91考试网作者:www.91exam.org 【大中小】

本文导航
第1页:词汇选项第2页:阅读判断第3页:概括大意与完成句子第4页:阅读理解第5页:补全短文

第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.

A. inflexible B. general

C. complex D. direct

2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.

A. turned dead B. passed by

C. carried away D. become extinct

3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.

A. shorten B. end

C. start D. resume

4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.

A. argue B. claim

C. wish D. compete

5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.

A. simple B. reliable

C. effective D. alternative

6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.

A. moral B. regular

C. fundamental D. hard

7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.

A. polluted B. treated

C. tested D. corrupted

8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.

A. shut B. set

C. break D. beat

9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.

A. wiped B. injected

C. produced D. removed

10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.

A. existence B. importance

C. cause D. situation

11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.

A. unknown B. unusual

C. undamaged D. unstable

12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.

A. doubtful B. untouched

C. certain D. silent

13. The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.

A. rejected B. submitted

C. considered D. approved

14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A. send B. spread

C. hear D. confirm

15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.

A. naked B. cautious

C. blind D. private

参考答案：ADBDA CACCB CADBB

本文导航
第1页:词汇选项第2页:阅读判断第3页:概括大意与完成句子第4页:阅读理解第5页:补全短文

第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)

New Understanding of Natural Silk’s Mysteries

Natural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.

To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogen bonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.

The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).

By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again.The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk —like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.

16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.