(每题3分，共45分) 1、 New Conceptions about Diet
1 Increasingly over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods:foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加剂)and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.
2 Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount but not the quality of goods grown in commercial farming areas.
3 Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in a healthy environment. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry:there are mech?anized farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.
4 There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food!In large quantities, it can actually be harmful, and it does seem to be addictive(上瘾的)：the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fibre.
5 It is significant that nowadays fibre is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fibre has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole?meal(粗面粉)bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.

1Americans, when in the United States, see themselves as

A.representatives of their country

B.people different from person to person

C.individuals much the same as foreigners

D.individuals that share the same values and way of life

2Americans may think that “American culture”
.

A.does not really exist

B.is better than other cultures

C.is different from other cultures

D.is highly valued around the world

3Individual Americans may think that their values

A.are based on their personal choices

B.are forced on them by the society in which they were born

C.can also be found in other cultures

D.should be recognized the world over

4Which of the following statements is true?

A.Americans do not like to make generalizations about themselves on the basis of regional differences

B.Americans have fixed ideas about different people coming from different regions and areas within their own country

C.Americans think that they are equal to one another no matter where they were born

D.Americans are trying hard to iron out their regional differences

2、 第二篇 Hair Detectives
Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been. The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.
Water is central to the new technique. Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen. Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.
But not all water is the same. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh. Different forms of a single element are called isotopes. And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.
Might hair record these watery quirks? That''s what James R. Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.
To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States. The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.
Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water. That''s probably because people usually cook their food in the local water. What''s more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.
Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country. Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions. One hair sample used in Ehleringer''s study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City. As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.
The new technique can''t point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area. But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.

1What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct?

A.Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions

B.Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States

C.Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

D.Tap water is used to cook food.

2 James R. Ehleringer tried to find out

A.if our bodies break water down into its parts

B.if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country

C.if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen

D.if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from

3Which of the following statements is meant by the writer?

A.Ehleringer was successful in his research

B.Ehleringer failed in his research

C.Ehleringer can be a successful detective

D.Ehleringer''s research proved successful in China

4What does the last paragraph tell you?

A.The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives

B.Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source

C.Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police

D.Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes

5Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title?

A.Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes

B.Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes

C.Detectives watch hairy criminals closely

D.Most detectives are hair specialists

6what have the Ford motor company, General Motor’s and Honda done concerning electric cars?

A.They have started to produce electric cars

B.They have done extensive research on electric cars

C.They have given up producing electric cars

D.They have produced thousands of electric cars

7According to Tim Holmes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars

A.Will be the main transportation vehicles in the future

B.Will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future

C.Will be good to the environment in the future.

D.Will replace petrol-powered vehicles in the future

8Which auto manufactures are still producing electric vehicles?

A.Toyota and Nissan

B.General Motor’s and Honda

C.Ford and Toyota.

D.Honda and Toyota

9According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars

A.offer fewer mileage than petrol driven cars

B.run faster than petrol driven cars

C.run more miles than petrol driven cars

D.offer more batteries than petrol driven cars

10Which of the following is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph?

A.Low-emission cars should be banned

B.Only zero-emission cars are allowed to run on motorways

C.The legislation will encourage car makers to produce more electric cars

D.The legislation will allow more low-emission to produced

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