11. The formation of new words by joining two or more stems is called ______. (      )

A. clipping                                                    B. compounding

C. acronymy                                                  D. back-formation

12. The word “pop” belongs to ______ clipping. (      )

A. front                                                        B. back

C. front and back                                           D. phrase

13. The ______ meaning of words usually shows the attitude of approval of the speaker. (      )

A. affective                                                   B. appreciative

C. pejorative                                                  D. connotative

14. Which of the following is NOT one of the associative meaning of a word? (      )

A. Grammatical meaning.                              B. Stylistic meaning.

C. Collocative meaning.                                  D. Connotative meaning.

15. ______ motivation explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(      )

A. Morphological                                           B. Onomatopoeic

C. Semantic                                                   D. Etymological