III. Matching: (10%)

　　Directions: This section consists of two groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ①, ②, ③, ④ or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match correctly.

　　41. A. Writer B. The book

　　① D. A. Wilkins

　　a. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching

　　② H. G. Widdowson

　　b. Second Language Acquisition and Second

　　Language Learning

　　③H. H. Stern

　　c.Verbal Behavior

　　④ S. Krashen

　　d. Teaching Language as Communication

　　⑤ B.F. Skinner

　　e. Notional Syllabuses

　　42. A. Linguists concerned B. Contributions to the Direct Method

　　①H. Paul

　　a. organized and presented new language items in series of actions an event

　　②W. M. Wundt

　　b. established the first Berlitz school in the U.S.A.

　　③F. Gouin

　　c. formed the main linguistic base of the Direct Method

　　④ M. D. Berlitz

　　d. proposed that a direct association between forms and meanings in the target language should be established

　　⑤F. Franke

　　e. laid the psychological foundation for the Direct Method

　　IV. Questions for Brief Answers: 30%)

　　Directions: This section has six questions. You are to answer them briefly.

　　Five points are given to each question.

　　43. According to the behaviorist psychology, what are the three crucial elements in learning, whether it is of human or animal?

　　44. Why is Community Language Learning sometimes cited as an example of a “humanistic approach”?

　　45. What are the objectives of the Direct Method?

　　46. There are five steps proceeding in Phase One and two of a Grammar-Translation Method classroom. What are they?

　　47. In the book Foreign Language Teaching Methodology, four schools of theories related to language study are introduced. What are they?

　　48. What are the procedures followed in a Cognitive Approach classroom?

　　V. Questions for Long Answers: (20%)

　　Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you’ve learned. Ten points are given to each question.

　　49. The Oral Approach linguists lay emphasis on vocabulary control. What are the criteria by which they choose the words?

　　50. If you’d like to practice the Natural Approach in your teaching, what are the three essential roles you must perform in class?