全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试
英语科技文选试题
课程代码:00836

PART A: VOCABULARY
I. Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. (8 %)
1．art                                                 人造的             1．_______
2．mathematics                                    数学家             2．_______
3． irreversible                                   不可逆转性      3．_______
4．quality                                           定性的             4．_______
5． certify                                          证明合格的      5．______来源：www.91exam.org_
6．spring                                            子孙；后代      6．_______
7．requisite                                         先决条件         7._______
8．sense                                              感觉的             8．_______
H. Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form.(12%)
all at once                         adept at                     specialize in          wind up
in the justification of          what’s more             doomed to             applicable to
accrue to                           opt for                       in common            submit to
9. I can’t do it_______ but I’ll have it finished by the end of the week.
10. My sister is very_______ making people at their ease.
11. Depending on your circumstances you may wish to_______ one method or the other.
12. I had very little_______ with my sister.
13. When I finish this short story, I will have it_______a magazine.
14. She is a lawyer who _______divorce cases.
15. His earlier comments were not _______our later discussion.
16. It is harmful to my health, and _______, it is no good to my work.
17. Interest _______my savings account monthly.
18. Can you think of a good joke I can use to _______my speech?
19. I used to pour time and energy into projects that were _______failure from the very start.
20. He said this _______his action.
III. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below. (10%)
homework             wish                   punishment       countless         rush
nearly                    necessary            family              television          before
Families in America toady schedule their lives around the television. Children 21 home from school to watch their programs while they do their 22 . Mother shops between her special programs. The ski slopes are 23 empty on Superbowl Sunday; football on TV takes precedence. The 24 may even eat meals in front of the television. Moreover, 25 is used as baby-sitter; small children nationwide spend 26 hours in front of the TV, passively ingesting whatever flashes 27 their eyes. Addition of some sort inevitably follows; TV becomes a 28 part of life, and receiving a TV for his own room becomes the 29 of every child.
Moreover, parents use the television as a source of reward and 30 . Ultimately, life-styles revolve round a regular schedule of eating, sleeping, and watching television.
21. ________                22. ________                      23. ________               24. ________
25. ________               26. ________                      27. ________            28. ________
29. ________               30. ________
PART B: TRANSLATION
 IV. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. (10%)
allot       manipulate     differentiate   shift       lose sight of
3 1．千万不要迷失你生活的主要目标。
32．我从家庭预算中拨出一部分钱买了辆新车。
33．他操纵股票价格以达到低价买入的目的。
34．那位歌唱家正从爵士乐转向古典音乐。
35．我不是很擅长辨别葡萄酒。
V. Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15 %)
36. In the adult study, a series of factors were significantly associated with the perception of car fumes or dust/soot. Annoyance due to noise exposure and rated impairment of life equality showed the strongest association in the logistic models. But odor and noise sensitivity also had a significant impact on the ratings. Age above 45 years, smoking and social support were inversely associated with the subjective air pollution index.
PART C: READING COMPREHENSION
VI. Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)
(A)
Day and night, a huge contraption prowls the grounds at Frank Volleman’s dairy in Central Texas. It has a 3,000-gallon tank, a heavy-duty vacuum pump and hoses and, underneath, adjustable blades that scrape the surface as it passes along. In function it is something like a Zamboni, but one that has crossed over to the dark side. This is no hockey rink, and it’s not loose ice being scraped up. It’s cow manure. Lots of cow manure. A typical lactating Holstein produces about 150 pounds of waste_____ by weight, about two-thirds wet feces, one-third urine_____each day. Mr.Volleman has 3,000 lactating Holsteins and another 1,000 that are temporarily “dry”. Do the math:his Wildcat Dairy produces about 200 million pounds of manure every year. Proper handling of this material is one of the most important tasks faced by a dairy operator, or by a cattle feedlot owner, hog producer or other farmer with large numbers of livestock. Manure has to be handled in an environmentally acceptable way and at an acceptable cost. In most cases, that means using it, fresh or composted, as fertilizer. “It’s a great resource, if used properly,” said Saqib Mukhtar, an associate professor of biological and agricultural engineering at Texas A & M University and an expert on what is politely called manure management. But as the increasing incidence of environmental and health problems linked to agriculture makes clear, when manure is mismanaged the nutrients in it can foul streams, lakes and aquifers; the pathogens in it can contaminate food products; and the gases it produces, including ammonia, methane and bad-smelling volatile compounds, can upset neighbors and pollute the atmosphere. Even with best practices, manure can cause environmental headaches. So researchers are working on ways to improve its handling, to modify the nutrients in it and to develop alternative uses. Mr. Volleman, who came to Texas from his native Luxembourg 16 years ago, takes pride in his operation, which produces about 25,000 gallons of milk a day. “It’s all about keeping it clean, keeping it comfortable and producing high quality milk,” he said, adding that what is good for his cows is good for him. “They’re writing my paycheck.” Dairies differ from feedlots, poultry operations and hog farms in how they handle manure. At a feedlot, for example, manure is often collected only once every six months, after the thousands of fattened cattle have been shipped out. Dairy operators seem like neatniks by comparison, but even among dairies, manure management varies according to location, climate, regulations and other factors. At a large operation like Mr. Volleman’s, it is the inexorability of excrement, as much as the sheer volume, that defines the waste-handling process. A cow’s digestive system, with its series of forestomachs, is built to handle lots of roughage. And you cannot turn it off.
37. What is the passage mainly about? （      ）
A. The huge contraption.
B. Mr. Volleman’s dairy.
C. Cow manure.
D. The handling of cow manure.
38. What can be said about the cows on Mr. Volleman’s dairy? （      ）
A. They all produce milk every day.
B. Some of them have not produced milk recently.
C. Some of them have not produced wet feces and urine recently.
D. They produce about 150 pounds of waste every day.
39. Mr. Volleman was born and brought up in_____. （      ）
A. America
B. Zambia
C. Europe
D. Helsinki
40. How does Mr. Volleman’s dairy differ from feedlots, poultry operations and hog farms in handling manure? （      ）
A. In frequency.
B. In scale.
C. In technology.
D. In location.
41. If manure is not properly handled, all of the following will be polluted EXCEPT_____ . （      ）
A. the source of water
B. plants
C. the atmosphere
D. food products
(B)
South Africa, together with Brazil, is a leader among developing countries in fighting climate change and foresees a peak in its greenhouse gas emissions between 2020 and 2025. By contrast, the United States is the only major developed nation with no legal target for cutting its own emissions. To be fair, the Obama administration wants to cut emissions by 17 percent from 2005 levels, or about 4 percent below 1990 levels by 2020, but that plan is stalled in the U.S. Senate. Britain is better off in lecturing about clean energy -- its emissions were 19.5 percent below 1990 levels in 2008 -- and closure of coal mines and a shift to natural gas primarily for economic reasons explain a large part of the fail. Eskom has proposed to develop Medupi with the latest supercritical “clean coal” and carbon storage technologies available on the market, which is used by most rich countries. Still, Medupi will be a major polluter that could make it harder for South Africa to meet its emissions targets. A U.S. Treasury official told Reuters the United States was in the process of reviewing the Eskom proposal and will develop a position that “is consistent with administration policy and with facts surrounding the project.” World Bank Vice President for Africa, Obiageli Ezekwesili, said South Africa’s energy security was key because the country’s growth, or lack of it, .was felt throughout Africa. “There is no viable alternative to safeguard Africa’s energy security at this particular time,” she told Reuters. ‘q’his is a transitional investment that they are making toward a green economy and that should count for something.“ But the politically connected Center for American Progress in Washington argued in a report last week that the World Bank is a standard-setter for development banks and should push sustainable economic development models in client countries. ”This is a problem for an institution with the moral and financial responsibility to foster large-scale investment in sustainable economic development," it said. It said the U.S. should press the point in negotiations over a general capital increase for the World Bank, which ponies up billions of dollars a year to fight global poverty. Environmental groups argue that the Bank shouldn’t be allowed to manage a Clean Technology Fund for donors while also funding coal plants that emit tens of millions of tons of harmful carbon emissions into the atmosphere. It is not the first time the Bank is facing a backlash over its support for coal-fired projects. Last year, it backed India’s Tata Ultra Mega supercritical coal-fired plant,
one of the world’s top 50 greenhouse gas polluters.
42. What is the topic of the passage? （      ）
A. Greenhouse gas emissions.
B. South Africa’s energy security.
C. The Eskom proposal.
D. Medupi.
43. What can be inferred from Obama administration’s plan to cut emissions? （      ）
A. The plan was not feasible.
B. The plan would never pass in the Senate.
C. The plan would pass in the Senate in the distant future.
D. The emission level in America was higher in 2005 than in 1990.
44. The Eskom proposal would probably help_______. （      ）
A. push sustainable economic development models
B. South Africa meet its emission targets
C..Medupi produce more clean energy
D. safeguard South Africa’s energy security
45. According to the passage, to develop Medupi involves the support from_______.（      ）
A. the Clean Technology Fund
B. Center for American Progress in Washington
C. Environmental groups
D. World Bank
46. Which of the following is NOT true about Medupi? （      ）
A. Its development needs U.S. Treasury’s approval.
B. It is a coal-fired power station.
C. It produces more pollution than other power plants in South Africa.
D. Its development needs a large investment.
VII．Directions：Read the following passage，and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage． (10％)
Babies with Down’s syndrome typically learn how to stand upright and walk a year later. But Dale Ulrich of the University of Michigan has found that by getting the infants to work out on a tiny treadmill eight minutes a day, five days a week for six to eight months, he can speed up the process by as much as four months.
Ulrich wants to do a lot more than just get the babies up and around: He’s hoping to improve their cognitive abilities. Research has shown that learning to walk helps stimulate the brain. Once children start toddling around, says Ulrich, it’s easier for them to interact with their environment, which speeds up learning. Treadmill-trained babies also walk with greater strength and coordination.
This is good news because children with Down’s syndrome generally have to work harder to control their muscles, says Ulrich (who also plans to try the treadmill on infants with cerebral palsy). The babies begin training as soon as they can sit upright. At first, they take just a few steps while their parents hold them up. “She’ll do a little double step and then let her feet dangle,” said Randy Russo, when his daughter, Isabelle, was 10 months. Two months later, Russo is delighted with his daughter’s progress. “She’s doing exceptionally well,” he says. “She has a little push-toy that she holds onto as she walks around.”
Ulrich is following the children’s progress to see whether walking earlier does in fact improve their cognitive ability. He is very optimistic. “We can already improve the neural pathways that support walking,” he says. “The baby brain can do a lot when put in the right context--and we believe the treadmill is that context.”
Baby Walking

47．_______________________________.
48．_______________________________.
49．_______________________________.
50．_______________________________.
5 1．_______________________________.
PART D: WRITING
VIII. Directions: Write a passage (150-200 words) in English on the following title. Develop the ideas according to the Chinese outline given below. (15 %)
52．Should  fireworks be banned during the Spring Festival?
(1)中国人过春节都要燃放烟花爆竹是历史悠久的习俗；
(2)然而，燃放烟花爆竹所带来的危害已经引起人们的关注；