全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试

　　英语词汇学试题

　　课程代码：00832

　　Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）

　　1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（　　　）

　　A．meaning B．sound

　　C．combination of sounds D．group

　　2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（　　　）

　　A．more slowly than B．as quickly as

　　C．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as

　　3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（　　　）

　　A．use frequency B．notion

　　C．origin D．sound

　　4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（　　　）

　　A．green revolution B．fast food

　　C．moon walk D．space shuttle

　　5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（　　　）

　　A．form B．meaning

　　C．look D．pronunciation

　　6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（　　　）

　　A．four B．fell

　　C．for D．autumn

　　7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.（　　　）

　　A．/t/ B．/g/

　　C．/p/ D．/k/

　　8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（　　　）

　　A．one B．two

　　C．three D．four

　　9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（　　　）

　　A．works B．prewar

　　C．postwar D．bloody

　　10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（　　　）

　　A．compounding B．affixation

　　C．conversion D．shortening

　　11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（　　　）

　　A．compounding B．clipping

　　C．blending D．suffixation

　　12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（　　　）

　　A．acronymy B．clipping

　　C．back-formation D．prefixation

　　13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（　　　）

　　A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaning

　　C．associative meaning D．literal meaning

　　14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（　　　）

　　A．onomatopoeic B．morphological

　　C．semantic D．etymological

　　15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（　　　）

　　A．Reference B．Concept

　　C．Sense D．Motivation

　　16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（　　　）

　　A．word formation B．word meaning

　　C．meaning change D．sense relations

　　17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（　　　）

　　A．semantic B．onomatopoeic

　　C．monosemic D．polysemic

　　18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（　　　）

　　A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthy

　　C．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness

　　19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（　　　）

　　A．senses B．forms

　　C．dialects D．terms

　　20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（　　　）

　　A．extension B．elevation

　　C．narrowing D．degradation

　　21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______ sense of transfer.（　　　）

　　A．subjective B．objective

　　C．sensational D．physical

　　22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（　　　）

　　A．Elimination of ambiguity.

　　B．Indication of referents.

　　C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.

　　D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.

　　23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（　　　）

　　A．grammatical context B．polysemy

　　C．antonymy D．hyponymy

　　24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（　　　）

　　A．relevant details B．synonymy

　　C．antonymy D．hyponymy

　　25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.

　　（　　　）

　　A．alliteration B．metaphor

　　C．metonymy D．rhyme

　　26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（　　　）

　　A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.

　　C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.

　　27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（　　　）

　　A．replacement B．addition

　　C．shortening D．repetition

　　28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（　　　）

　　A．spelling B．syntactical usage

　　C．pronunciation D．definition

　　29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one（　　　）

　　A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)

　　B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese Translation

　　C．A New English-Chinese Dictionary

　　D．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation

　　30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（　　　）

　　A．unabridged B．desk

　　C．specialized D．encyclopedic

　　Ⅱ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)

　　A B

　　（ ）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition

　　（ ）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word

　　（ ）33．and C．transfer of sensations

　　（ ）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete

　　（ ）35．here and there E．derivational affix

　　（ ）36．moon F．alliteration

　　（ ）37．rough and ready G．functional word

　　（ ）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix

　　（ ）39．fair and square I．associated transfer

　　（ ）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhyme

　　Ⅲ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）

　　41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.

　　42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.

　　43．We might say that free morphemes are free ________.

　　44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.

　　45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．

　　46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.

　　47．Vocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.

　　48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.

　　49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.

　　50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.

　　Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）

　　51．morpheme

　　52．homonym

　　53．connotation

　　54．elevation

　　55．idiom

　　Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）

　　56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?

　　57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.

　　58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.

　　Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.

　　59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?

　　Ⅵ．Analyze a来源:91考试网nd comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）

　　60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.

　　—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”

　　—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.

　　61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.

　　（1）gold, bulb;

　　（2）deer, beast, animals;

　　（3）fortuitous, fruition.