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浙江省2004年1月自考英语阅读（二）试题 (精美word版)
2013-03-21 19:42:29
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浙江省2004年1月高等教育自学考试
英语阅读（二）试题
课程代码：00596
Ⅰ. Match the words from Column A with the definitions from Column B(15%)
A.
1. unexpected
2. novelty
3. spacious
4. entertaining
5. inattentiveness
6. emission
7. brisk
8. messenger
9. commitment
10. substitute
11. hint
12. disclose
13. clips
14. fierce
15. exposure B.
A. giving no attention
B. the act of sending out (esp. heat, light, etc. )
C. quick and active
D. never thought to happen
E. a person who brings one or more pieces of information
F. newness
G. having much space
H. amusing
I. state of being placed in view
J. angry violent and cruel
K. cuts of sth. by leaving out parts of it
L. show by uncovering
M. a small or indirect suggestion
N. put something in place of another
O. a promise to follow a certain course of action
Ⅱ. All the following sentences are taken from the textbook. Study each sentence carefully and choose A,B,C or D that has the closest meaning to the underlined word or phrase. (15%)
1. It is something offered at a low or advantageous price.
A. advancing B. profitable
C. attractive D. high
2. A technician will examine your blood under a microscope-counting the white cells in a small marked-off area.
A. indicating B. separated by a line-drawing
C. noticeable D. having visible trace
3. How do you go about identifying people’s needs?
A. change to the opposite direction B. concentrate on
C. begin to work at D. notice
4. People often say the right words, but their eyes betray their true feelings.
A. hide B. represent
C. reveal D. turn against
5. We tried, in short time, to catch up on our respective lives over the last two decades.
A. come up from behind B. bring to date
C. be interested in D. be eager to tell each other about
6. A mutation (which is always possible) happens to suit a new environment, and the ‘odd’ creature survives because it is better fitted.
A. fixed in place B. made suitable or competent
C. in good health D. of the right size or shape
7. The repeated actions of preparing, sorting, filling, distributing, and keeping track of records and publications can be as troublesome as calculating.
A. following the way of B. pursuing
C. seeking after D. keeping oneself informed about
8. All plants and animals that have been studied carefully (including the human) seem to have built-in clocks.
A. making a fix part B. fixing to a part as a whole
C. internally fixed D. causing to become one part of sth.
9. The International Monetary Fund is concerned with short-term credit and the cooperative management of foreign exchange rates.
A. advance or loan B. trust or believe
C. money or cash D. pay or debt
10. The lending nations subscribe toward its capital stock in proportion to their economic importance.
A. with reference to B. at the rate of
C. in the measure of D. in comparison with
11. More important is the fact that it can float bonds and use the proceeds to make loans.
A. stay B. move
C. support D. issue
12. It hoped to secure the advantages of the gold standard without its disadvantages.
A. protect B. have no doubt
C. be certain D. make safe
13. This concentration on project lending is directed at ensuring that Bank funds are invested in sound, productive projects.
A. close gathering B. close attention
C. coming together D. point
14. The Bank is both a developmental and a financial institution, and each project for which it lends must satisfy both features of the institution.
A. college B. university
C. organization D. institute
15. Of these, the overwhelming majority, well over 90 percent, have been for specific projects such as schools.
A. largest crowd B. big figure
C. by far the greatest number D. small part
Ⅲ. Reading comprehension(40%)
Reading Passage 1
It is becoming increasingly recognized that education is a process which continues throughout adult life. The scope of adult and continuing education has widened in recent years and now includes, in addition to the development of the individual through cultural, physical and craft pursuits, such subjects as basic education: education for disadvantaged groups and those with special needs such as ethnic minorities or the disabled; consumer education; health education; and pre-retirement education. Continuing education includes training for those in employment, to enable them to keep pace with technological change. The British government has taken a number of recent initiatives to improve opportunities for both adult and continuing education. In 1982 it launched a Professional, Industrial and Commercial Updating Program designed to help colleges and universities to meet the need to up-date and broaden the skills of those in mid-career in industry, commerce and the professions. A three-year program to encourage the expansion of educational opportunities for the adult unemployed was launched in 1984. Apart from provision for mature students at universities, courses are provided by further education colleges, adult education centers, residential colleges, the Open Universities and various other bodies including a number of voluntary organizations. Most of the provision is made by the local education authorities in a wide variety of establishments, including schools used for adult evening classes and community schools which provide educational, social and cultural opportunities for the wider community. Most courses are part-time. Local authorities also maintain or aid many courses lasting between a weekend and a fortnight. Long-term residential colleges, grant-aided by central government departments, provide courses of one or two years and aim to provide a liberal education without academic entry tests. Most students admitted are entitled to full maintenance grants.
1. One of the tasks of continuing education is ________.
A. to keep employees well informed of recent technological developments
B. to help employees get promoted and pay increased
C. to widen employees’ knowledge of their country’s history
D. to make employees’ spare time activities rich and varied
2. The word “initiatives” in Line 8 most probably means ________.
A. plans B. offers
C. measures D. proposals
3. The two programs launched by the British government are designed for ________.
A. students and teachers in colleges and universities
B. the employed and unemployed respectively
C. the government employees in Britain
D. the disadvantaged and the disabled
4. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?________
A. Adult education might be replaced by other types of education.
B. Many British young people can receive higher education without entrance examination.
C. Only those who passed academic entry tests can get financial aid from the central government.
D. The aid for improving adult and continuing education is provided by local and State governments.
5. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.
A. adult education will probably become the main type of education in Britain and other developed countries
B. the government should attach importance to various types of education to meet the needs of the changing world
C. higher education should meet the demands of the development of science and technology
D. high schools should produce more skilled students
Reading Passage 2
Brain damage is forever, or so doctors once thought, but that long-standing medical axiom (公理) is now being proved wrong. In laboratories across the USA and Europe, researchers are finding that by creating the right chemical environment, and in some cases implanting new cells in the brain, damaged nervous systems can be coaxed (哄) to regenerate (再生). Even more encouraging is the discovery, so far shown only in animals, that cellular (细胞) re-growth can store lost mental functions, and , in addition, improve memory and learning.
The latest achievement in this promising field is the work of Dr. Donald Stein and three colleagues at Clark University in Worcester Mass. As reported in last week’s issue of Science, the group attempted to restore mental functioning in 21 rats whose brains had been damaged by the removal of large sections of the frontal cortex (皮层空间). This function of the brain is involved in the learning of complex spatial (空间) relationships. Typically rats sustaining such a severe injury would take 18 days or more to master a maze (迷宫) that required them to alternate right and left turns in order to get a drink of water. Normal rats can learn the task in just 2. 5 days.
Before attempting to repair the brain damage, Stein’s team waited a week to allow for the natural accumulation of healing proteins called nerve growth factors. Then they implanted a pinhead size lump of tissue that had taken from the frontal cortex of normal rat embryos (胎儿). The researchers used fetal (胎儿) cells because they are rich in growth factors and adapt easily to a new environment. Result of the operation: the brain-damaged rats were able to learn the maze in just 8. 5 days. While this is still slower than normal, says Stein,“the transplant was dearly producing some degree of functional recovery. ” Stein later found that new connections had grown between the transplanted tissue and the rest of the brain.
According to Stein, the immediate lesson of his group’s experiment is that there is much more capacity for response to brain injury than previously thought.
6. In this experiment, the damaged brains were healed ________.
A. through surgery
B. by creating a favorable chemical environment
C. by placing new brain material in the damaged brain
D. all of the above
7. The rats described in the article ________.
A. had accidental brain damage
B. were at first incapable of learning the maze
C. had had part of their brains removed
D. were superior to normal rats after the experiment
8. The article inplies that ________.
A. learning a maze depends upon the ability to learn spatial relationships
B. damaged brains could never be returned to normal
C. only fetal brain tissue is useable for brain regeneration
D. normal rats could learn the maze even faster if implanted with brain tissue proteins
9. Nerve growth factors are ________.
A. conditions under which brain cell can regenerate
B. a chemical environment which induces brain cell enlargement
C. proteins which can be used by the tissue
D. none of the above
10. Acco来源:91exam .orgrding to Dr. Stein the experiment shows that ________.
A. human brain damage is repairable
B. a damaged brain does make some attempt to heal itself
C. brain damage does not necessarily mean a lot of functional ability
D. animal brains, such as a rat’s, are better able to repair themselves than human brains
Reading Passage 3
Newspapers in Great Britain vary greatly in their ways of carrying the news. There are serious papers for those who want to know about important happenings everywhere, both at home and abroad. There are popular newspapers for those who prefer entertainment to information.
The London newspaper that is best known outside Great Britain is probably The Times . It began in 1785, and has a high reputation for reliable news and serious opinions on the news. It calls itself an independent paper, which means that it does not give its supports to a particular party. Its leading articles give the opinions of the editor, not those of the owners of the paper.
Letters to the editor are printed in parts of the newspaper. These parts of The Times are always interesting. Most of the letters are on serious subjects, but from time to time there will be long letters on the subject which is not at all serious, perhaps on a new fashion of dress, or the bad manners of the young people compared with the manners of the people thirty years ago.
In addition to the London daily newspapers, there are other papers. The two London evening papers, the Evening News and the Evening Standard, are sold not only at the ordinary newsagents’ shops, but always stay by their piles of papers. However, the newspaper sellers sometimes go away and leave their papers. Passers-by help themselves to the paper they want, and leave the price of the paper in a box. There are dishonest people in London, but no one thinks it is worth robbing a newspaper seller of a few coins.
11. If you want to entertain yourself, please buy yourself ________.
A. a popular newspaper
B. a serious newspaper
C. a foreign newspaper
D. any independent paper
12. The main reason why The Times is a newspaper of high reputation is that ________.
A. it is well known outside Great Britain
B. news carried in the paper can be accepted as true
C. the first paper of The Times was published in 1785
D. it provides readers with many articles on serious news
13. The Times is an independent paper, for ________.
A. it doesn’t speak in favor of a certain political party
B. it doesn’t support all the political parties
C. it is not controlled by the British government
D. the editors’ opinions are not examined by the owners of the paper
14. What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A. Writing on the latest fashion on clothes is the best way to attract young readers.
B. People thirty years ago were often polite.
C. In the letters to the editor serious subjects are written in an amusing way.
D. Letters to the editor are usually too serious to be interesting.
15. Which of the following statements in TRUE?
A. No one thinks the paper is well worth a few coins.
B. The busy street corners are not the usual place where papers are sold.
C. Even dishonest people will not take the paper without paying for it.
D. The passers-by can be offered free copies of newspapers.
Reading Passage 4
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists”. And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalists and especially the administrator deal with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time, you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
16. There is an increasing demand for ________.
A. all round people in their own fields
B. people whose job is to organize other people’s work
C. people whose educational background is either technical or professional
D. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
17. The specialist is ________.
A. a man whose job is to train other people
B. a man who has been trained in more than one field
C. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
D. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters
18. The administrator is ________.
A. a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist
B. a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
C. a man who is very strong in the humanities
D. a man who is an “educated” specialist
19. During your training period, it is important ________.
A. to try to be a generalist
B. to choose a profitable job
C. to find an organization which fits you
D. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
20. A man’s first job ________.
A. is never the right job for him
B. should not be regarded as his final job
C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job
D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
Ⅳ. Questions:(10%)
All the questions are based on Reading Passage 5. Answer the questions with the fewest words possible.
Reading Passage 5
Scientists say changes in the climates caused by industry pollution could make it harder for farmers to grow food in the next century. But the report by the US Department of Agriculture says that may not be true everywhere. It says in some parts of the world, global warming might help farmers produce more food. The burning of more oil and coal around the world is blamed for causing carbon dioxide gas or CO2 to increase in the earth upper atmosphere. Many scientists believed this has led to the problem known as global warming. They believe average day-time temperatures will rise a few degrees over the next 50 years. And they believe this could cause changes in the amounts of rainfall. The Agriculture Department report says some farmers in US probably will have to make changes if climate conditions change. They may have to replace their traditional methods or grow different crops. But the report also finds that the higher levels of CO2 in the atmosphere could increase the growth of some important crops. The report says that the experiment shows the harvest of the crops like rice, soya beans, wheat and cotton could increase as CO2 levels rise. But this would happen only if average temperatures do not increase too much. The scientists say the faster crop growth caused by high CO2 levels could help farmers reduce their use of chemical fertilizers. That could mean less pollution of streams and rivers. The scientists also say the warming of the atmosphere could also affect snowfall amounts in the US when the snow melts each spring. Melting snow is important because it supplies water for farms in the plain, mountainous western states. The Agriculture Department report suggests farmers can slow down the climate changes. For example, they could leave crop waste on the field after harvesting. This would keep more carbon in the soil and prevent its release into the air as CO2. The report says no one is sure how global warming will affect agriculture. Yet the report says farmers should be ready to make some changes either in what they grow or how they grow it .
Questions:
1. What was the cause of global warming?
2. Why farmers in plains and mountainous western states need snow?
3. How can some farmers cope with the situation if climate condition changes?
4. Why does the report say CO2 high makes farmers pollute less of streams and rivers?
5. What is the general idea of the article?
Ⅴ. Translate the underlined part of Reading Passage 5 into Chinese. (20%)
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