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全国2007年1月高等教育自学考试
语言与文化试题
课程代码：00838
Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)
1．“Negro”,once a euphemism for “_______”, is now an offensive racist term.（ ）
A来源:91exam.org．a black man B．nigger
C．an African D．black boy
2．The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “gardener” is “_______”.（ ）
A．landscape architect B．garden designer
C．beautician D．botanist
3．I may be back tonight; I’m not sure. _______,just make yourself at home.（ ）
A．However B．Despite this
C．Either way D．Still
4．He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier.（ ）
A．Alternatively B．I mean
C．In addition D．Instead
5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街2号”can be translated into _______.（ ）
A．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
B．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.
C．He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
D．He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.
6．_______ is a weapon name.（ ）
A．Brenda B．Arthur
C．Rhoda D．Timothy
7．When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______.（ ）
A．“It’s very nice”
B．“Where did you get it? This is really what I want”
C．“It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much”
D．“How much is it? Thank you very much”
8．_______can be said as a reply to thanks.（ ）
A．“You’re too polite.” B．“It’s my pleasure.”
C．“It’s my duty.” D．“No.”
9．To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture.（ ）
A．vicious character B．narrow minded feature
C．loose sex morality D．positive human quality
10．“Propaganda” connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English.（ ）
A．giving publicity to something B．exchanging useful knowledge
C．spreading biased information D．motivating people to do something
11．The Chinese equivalent for“stop watch” is “跑表”,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.（ ）
A．the way in which it is used
B．the purpose for which it is used
C．the mechanic quality
D．the appearance by which people can recognize
12．The English equivalent for “温室”is “greenhouse”,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.（ ）
A．capacity B．physical characteristic
C．function D．effectiveness
13．The proverb“one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis” is related to _______.（ ）
A．Christianity B．the Bible
C．Greco-Roman civilization D．geography
14．“A child who roams the street” can be referred to as _______.（ ）
A．a Sherlock Holmes B．an Uncle Tom
C．a Don Juan D．an Oliver Twist
15．“The Garden of Eden”is an allusion derived from_______.（ ）
A．literature B．mythology
C．religion D．history
16．“We’ve generated a lot of ideas this week” illustrates the metaphor that _______.（ ）
A．ideas are food B．ideas are plant
C．ideas are products D．ideas are commodities
17．“Brown paper” corresponds to _______.（ ）
A．秘密文件 B．棕色纸
C．揭露社会黑暗的报纸 D．牛皮纸
18．Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French.（ ）
A．Greek B．Latin
C．Indian D．Romania
19．To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents.（ ）
A．personal pronouns B．loan words
C．long sentences D．learned words
20．Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______. （ ）
A．accenting B．complementing
C．regulating D．substitution
Ⅱ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)
21．Even “the black people” is regarded as degrading word, for “black” has bad connotations.“_______” is the case in point.（ ）
A．Black flag B．Black coal
C．Black foot D．Black head
22．It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.（ ）
A．artistic thinking B．deductive reasoning
C．intuitive thinking D．dialectical reasoning
23．Which of the following statements may be true? （ ）
A．Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.
B．Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.
C．Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.
D．Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.
24．Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______. （ ）
A．Joyce B．Merrill
C．Valdes D．Mrs. Valdes
25．“To pull somebody’s leg” means _______.（ ）
A．to tease somebody B．to let somebody lag behind
C．to deceive somebody temporarily D．to prevent somebody from advancing
26．“To ride one’s high horse” means _______.（ ）
A．to be glad B．to be haughty
C．to be arrogant D．to be confident
27．Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______.（ ）
A．reformation B．lynch
C．cocktail D．scalp
28．In English culture,“red” can be associated with _______.（ ）
A．celebrations B．embarrassment or shyness
C．anger or excitement D．jealousy
29．“Santa Clause” comes from _______.（ ）
A．German B．French
C．Dutch D．Indian
30．Chewing one’s finger nails signifies _______.（ ）
A．emotional stress B．impatience
C．irritation D．worry
Ⅲ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)
31.“Human resource development” is the euphemism for “_________.”
32.The connective “so” in “If they see that you’re blue, they’ll look down upon you. So why should I bother to care.”indicates a(n) _________ relation.
33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.
34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.
35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.
36.John Bull is _________ personified.
37.“Self-made man”,in American English at least, is a _________ term.
38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天”is “_________.”
39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.
40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.
41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everyday conversation.
42.The word in American English for “教职员”is“_________.”
Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)
43.What does“a red letter day” mean in English culture?
44.Does“a marriage of convenience” covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻”？
45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?
46.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?
47.What is the English equivalent for “隐形眼镜”？
48.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture.
Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)
49.久仰大名。
50.地名品牌反映了中国的环境主义文化。
51.别指望亚瑟会为自己辩护，他胆小如鼠。
52．His mother-in-law is the most famous linguist in our country.
53.Do you see anything green in my eye?
54.Excuse me, would you tell me the way to the nearest post-office?
55.Napoleonic Code, based on Roman law, influenced most of the European countries.
56.However,“damn”,“damn it”,“damn you”,“God damn you”,“Hell”,etc.are less offensive.
Ⅵ.Define the following terms.(10%)
57.verbal taboo
58.thought
59.informal time
60.morphemes
61.male chauvinist
Ⅶ.Discuss the following topics.(20%)
62.What are allusions? And how do they reflect culture?
63.Explain the kinds of societies that are divided based on psychological time orientation.
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