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全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试
语言与文化试题
课程代码：00838
Ⅰ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives． Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement．(20%)
1．Venus is the Roman god of ．( &nb来源:91exam .orgsp; )
A．beauty and love B．agriculture
C．the departed spirits D．the sea
2．The expression “to kick the bucket” means ． ( )
A．to be angry B．to go away
C．to die D．to get out
3．Oscar is a ． ( )
A．religious name B．flower name
C．name of authority D．weapon name
4．In English culture “green” connotes ． ( )
A．longevity B．prosperity
C．immaturity D．sincerity
5．The phrasal verb “look towards” corresponds in meaning to the single word: ( )
A．inspect B．examine
C．seek D．anticipate
6． The English-speaking people use the word “chicken” metaphorically to refer to ．
( )
A．a small creature B．a coward
C．a fool D．a hero
7．Camellia is a ． ( )
A．religious name B．flower name
C．weapon name D．name of authority
8．A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ． ( )
A．hockey B．polo
C．rugby D．golf
9． A sweet dish typically composed of fruit baked with pastry is called ． ( )
A． hamburger B． sandwich
C． hot dog D． pudding
10．The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages, but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ． ( )
A．regulating B．repeating
C．complementing D．accenting
11．The word coined in 1971 to refer to either a male or a female who presides over a meeting or an organization is “ ”． ( )
A．chair-sitter B．chairperson
C．president D．pressman
12．The racist word for persons of Italian of Spanish birth or descent is “_______”．( )
A．Dagos B．Kikes
C．Japs D．Polacks
13．Textual connectives are used to link ______．（ ）
A．words and phrases in a sentence B．clauses in a sentence
C．sentences and paragraphs D．different texts
14．贵府 is equivalent to in English．（ ）
A．your honorable home B．your home
C．your valuable house D．your house
15． Language, culture, and thought , each influencing and shaping the other two．（ ）
A．alternate B．change
C．interact D．substitute
16．“Chewing one’s finger nails” signifies ．（ ）
A．contempt B．guilty
C．happiness D．worry
17．The relationship between language and culture is that ．（ ）
A．language and culture interact B．culture determines language
C．language determines culture D．language and culture are parallel
18．The distance zone ranging from 18 inches to about four feet is referred to as the ______zone．
（ ）
A．intimate B．public
C．casual-personal D．socio-consultative
19．Which of the following sentences demonstrates hypotactic relation?（ ）
A．Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast．
B．I think he is right．
C．I told him exactly when I would leave for Paris．
D．He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc．
20．The difference found in answers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _______．（ ）
A．English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirect
B．English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are polite
C．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language
D．Chinese speakers are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are not
Ⅱ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives． Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement． There might be more than one correct answer． (10%)
21．“To be all thumbs” is synonymous to “________”． （ ）
A．to be proud B．to be clumsy
C．to be good at doing something D．to be bad at doing something
22．“黑面包” can be translated into “________”． （ ）
A．black bread B．blue bread
C．brown bread D．red bread
23．“_________” is an euphemism for “lavatory”．（ ）
A．Bathroom B．Comfort room
C．Convenient room D．Powder room
24．When people are introduced, ________． （ ）
A．they always shake hands
B．they normally shake hands in formal or business situations
C．they do not always shake hands
D．men shake hands more often than women
25．In English speaking countries, ________ are frequently advertised． （ ）
A．sexual service B．domestic service
C．medicines D．cigarette
26．Body language includes such meaning representing devices as（ ）
A．facial expressions B．gestures
C．dress D．artifacts
27．Which one is right in the following statements? （ ）
A．Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous．
B．Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．
C．Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．
D．Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese．
28．Conceptual meaning refers to __________ content．（ ）
A．cognitive B．stylistic
C．associative D．logical
29．In a flowery Chinese descriptive text one can find quite a number of ________． （ ）
A．adjectives and adverbs B．hyperboles
C．four-character expressions D．similes and metaphors
30．Culture in its technical sense is _________． （ ）
A．human specific B．a social phenomenon
C．a national phenomenon D．a historical phenomenon
Ⅲ．Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression． (12%)
31．The word in American English for “电梯” is _______________．
32．In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their ________ names．
33．Conceptual meaning is the ____________ a word conveys．
34．It is often said that English is a language with _______________ grammar and Chinese a language with ___________ grammar．
35．The English equivalent idiom for “开某人玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is ______________．
36．If he’d thought I would sit there meek as a ___________ while he abused my family, he must have got a real surprise．
37．But this is an odd thing, though he’s impulsive, he’s as stubborn as a _____________．
38．When we talk about international affairs, “___________” may be used as the euphemism for a “military action”．
39．It has been claimed that the linear development of English texts is caused by the ________ thinking style preferred by English speakers．
40．The connective “further” in “My client says he does not know this witness． Further, he denies even having seen her or spoken to her． ” indicates a(n) relation between sentences．
41．Language is vocal, which means that speech is the of language．
42．Of the five categories of gestures are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society．
Ⅳ．Answer the following questions briefly．(12%)
43．What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?
44．What is the British equivalent for the American word “schedule”?
45．What does the expression “a white elephant” mean?
46．What is a future-oriented society?
47．Which aspect of English culture does the proverb “an Englishman’s house is his castle” reflect?
48．Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English?
Ⅴ．Translation． (16%)
49．Would you like some more of this fish?
50．Wine ended him．
51．Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball．
52．Old-fashioned notions have no place in today’s society．
53．The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics．
54．敬请光临。
55．“长者”当然要比“老人”好听，“资深公民”又比“长者”好听。
56．他抓住我的胳膊。
Ⅵ．Define the following terms．(10%)
57．a white lie
58．standard appellatives
59．deductive argumentation
60．nonverbal communication
61．intercultural communication
Ⅶ．Discuss the following topics．(20%)
62．How would you define the terms “simile” and “metaphor”? And what are the differences between them?
63．A word can represent several types of meaning simultaneously． How do you interpret this statement? List two examples for associative meanings．
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