The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates (倡导者)of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.

However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted(控诉)the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said—and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed—that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics(语音学), is far superior.

Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not deva lue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

62.The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is_____________ .

［A］only logical and natural［B］the expected position

［C］probably a mistake ［D］merely effective instruction

63.The author indicts the look-say reading approach because___________ .

［A］it overlooks decoding［B］Rudolf Flesch agrees with him

［C］he says it is boring ［D］many schools continue to use this method

64.One major difference between the look??say method of learning reading and the phonics method is____________ .

［A］look??say is simpler［B］phonics takes longer to learn

［C］look??say is easier to teach ［D］phonics gives readers access to far more words

65.The phrase “touch off” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means________ .

［A］talk about shortly ［B］start or cause

［C］compare with ［D］oppose

66.According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

［A］Phonics approach regards whole??word method as unimportant.

［B］The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.

［C］In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.

［D］Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.

Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)

Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A

Methods of studying vary; what works  67  for some students doesn’t work at all for others. The only thing you can do is experiment  68  you find a system that does work for you. But two things are sure:  69  else can do your studying for you, and unless you do find a system that works, you won’t get through col