determining whether something should or
should not be done could be weighed in many aspects. different people have
different answers due to their respective point of view. on balance, my view is
that the final judgment should depend on a case-by-case analysis of the two
situations. / in my point of view, i agree with the speaker on the grounds
that… / at the first glance, this opinion seems to be somewhat appealing, but
further reflection tells me that i cannot agree with it for the following
reasons.
第二段
**同意
the first and foremost reason why i support
/ agree with above statement is that …
there is also a further 每 more subtle 每 point to consider.
**反对
although at first glance these arguments
sound reasonable and appealing, they are not borne out by a careful
consideration.
the undeniable deficiency in above
arguments is that they are negligent of the bare fact that...
第三段
in conclusion, it must be explained that
these three reasons sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole, thus
becoming more persuasive than anyone of them. so, any thinking person must
believe that…
Argument
一．开头部分
in this argument, the arguer concludes
that…
to substantiate the conclusion, the arguer
points out that…
in addition, the arguer assumes that /
reasons that / cites the example of / cites the result of a recent study that…
a careful examination of this argument
would reveal how groundless it is.
二．论证驳斥部分
first of all, the argument is based on a
false analogy. / the arguer simply assumes that… but he does not provide any
evidence that … are indeed comparable. / as we know, … differ conspicuously. /
it is true that both… but even here exist fundamental differences:… /
therefore, even though…proved effective in doing… there is no guarantee that it
will work just as well for…// as a result, a and b do not establish a warranted
analogy. so we cannot safely assume that (两者无法比)
** the author unfairly assumes that a bears
some relation to b. / however, the author provides no evidence to support that
this is the case, nor does the author establish a causal relationship between a
and b. / it is highly possible that other factors might contribute to the
b/change/progress. / for example, … it is also likely b just resulted from … /
lacking evidence that links a to b, it is presumptuous to suggest that a was
responsible for b. （无法建立必然的因果关系）
** the evidence the author provides is
insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. / one example is rarely
sufficient to establish a general conclusion. / based on a specific example of…
, it is logically unsounded to make suggestion for all… / in fact, in face of
such limited evidence, it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all. / unless
it can be shown that … is representative of all…, the conclusion that… is
completely unwarranted. （单个事例不能说明整体问题）
** by concluding that sb must do a or must
do b, the author commits a fallacy of “false dilemma”. / the author assumes
that a and b are the only available solutions to the problem. / however, it is
possible that other factors might also contribute to the problem. for example,…
/ if so, just doing a and b would not solve the problem. （还有其他原因）
in addition, the arguer commits a fallacy
of hasty generalization. / even if… , which is, of course, an unwarranted
assumption, it does not follow that… / it is highly possible that other factors
may have contributed to b… / for instance,… / besides, the arguer does not
provide any solid information concerning… / unless… , which is unknown from
this argument, there is no guarantee that… // without ruling out these and
other possible factors that give rise to b, the author cannot confidently
conclude that…(结论得出过早，考虑不周到 )
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