2011考研英语(一)试题

Section I   Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ­­­___1____some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does ___2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ____3___ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to ___4___, a good laugh is unlikely to have ___5___benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.

___6____, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the ___7___, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter___8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.

Such bodily reaction might conceivably help ___9___the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. ___11___one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ___12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19^th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.

Although sadness also ___14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow ______15_________ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to ____16____ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) ____17____ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ___19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around ___20___ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.

1．[A]among       [B]except        [C]despite       [D]like

2．[A]reflect       [B]demand       [C]indicate       [D]produce

3．[A]stabilizing    [B]boosting       [C]impairing     [D]determining

4．[A]transmit      [B]sustain        [C]eva luate      [D]observe

5．[A]measurable   [B]manageable    [C]affordable     [D]renewable

6．[A]In turn       [B]In fact        [C]In addition     [D]In brief

7．[A]opposite     [B]impossible     [C]average       [D]expected

8．[A]hardens      [B]weakens       [C]tightens      [D]relaxes

9．[A]aggravate     [B]generate       [C]moderate     [D]enhance

10．[A]physical     [B]mental        [C]subconscious  [D]internal

11．[A]Except for   [B] According to   [C] Due to        [D] As for

12．[A]with        [B]on           [C]in           [D]at

13．[A]unless      [B]until          [C]if           [D]because

14．[A]exhausts    [B]follows        [C]precedes     [D]suppresses

15．[A]into        [B]from          [C]towards      [D]beyond

16．[A]fetch        [B]bite          [C]pick        [D]hold

17．[A]disappointed  [B]excited       [C]joyful       [D]indifferent

18．[A]adapted      [B]catered       [C]turned       [D]reacted

19．[A]suggesting    [B]requiring     [C]mentioning   [D]supposing

20．[A]Eventually    [B]Consequently  [C]Similarly    [D]Conversely

Section II   Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the r