A. team bonuses

B. individual bonuses

C. piece rate

D. profit sharing

Answer:

1.C   2.A   3.D   4.D   5.B   6.B   7.C   8.A   9.B   10.A

三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）

（一）9

Management expert Peter Drucker has said that the typical business will soon bear little resemblance to the typical manufacturing company of 30 years ago. As Drucker predicts it, “the typical business will be knowledge-based, an organization composed largely of specialists who direct and discipline their own performance through organized feedback from colleagues, customers and headquarters. For this reason, it will be what I call an information-based organization”. As a result, the distinguishing characteristic of companies today and tomorrow, say many experts, is the growing emphasis on human capital - the knowledge, education, training, skills, and expertise of a firm’s workers - at the expense of physical capital like equipment, machinery, and the physical plant.

This growing emphasis on education and human capital reflects several social and economic factors. One is the increase in the service-oriented nature of the U.S. economy. Another is the fact that manufacturing jobs are changing, too. Particularly in the United States, manufacturing-intensive jobs in the steel, auto, rubber, and textile industries are being replaced by what one expert calls “knowledge-intensive high tech manufacturing in such industries as aerospace, computers, telecommunications, home electronics, pharmaceuticals, and medical instruments”. At the same time, even heavy manufacturing jobs are becoming more high tech: At Alcoa Aluminum’s Davenport, Iowa plant, for instance, a computer stands at each workpost to help each employee control his or her machines or communicate data. Jobs today thus demand a level of expertise far beyond that required of most workers 20 or 30 years ago, so that human capital is quickly replacing machines as the basis for most firms’ success. Furthermore, it is not unusual for more than one-fourth of many firms’ sales to come from products less than five years old.

For managers, the challenge of fostering intellectual or human capital lies in the fact that such workers must be managed differently than were those of previous generations. As one expert put this, the center of gravity in employment is moving fast from manual and clerical workers to knowledge workers, who resist the command and control model that business took from the military 100 years ago. Workers like these, in other words, cannot just be ordered around and closely monitored. New human resource management systems and skills will be required to select and train such employees and to win their self-discipline and commitment.

1. Which of the following isn’t in line with Drucker’s prediction?      .

A. The typical business will still bear some resemblance to the typical manufacturing company.

B. The typical business will be knowledge-based.

C. An organization will be composed largely of specialists.

D. An organization will be an information-based organization.

2. According to the passage, human capital include the following except       .

A. the knowledge of a firm’s workers

B. skills of a firm’s workers

C. the expertise of a firm’s workers

D. the behavior of a firm’s workers

3. The growing emphasis on human capital reflects the followin