changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use，diet，exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun，or exposure to carcinogens （致癌物） in the workplace or in the environment. Some gene alterations are inherited.

　　3 Cancer treatment can include surgery，radiation therapy，chemotherapy （化疗），hormone therapy，and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods，depending on the type and location of the cancer，whether the disease has spread，the patient's age and general health，and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues，it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options，weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possible side effects.

　　4 Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer，the extent of the disease，and the patient's tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones，organs，or nerves. Pain may also be a side effect of treatment. However，pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.

　　23 Paragraph 1 。

　　24 Paragraph 2 。

　　25 Paragraph 3 。

　　26 Paragraph 4 。

　　A Does cancer always cause pain？

　　B Can cancer be prevented？

　　C What is cancer？

　　D How common is cancer？

　　E What causes cancer？

　　F How is cancer treated？

　　27 Cancer occurs when cells m the body divide without

　　28 Gene alterations may be caused by

　　29 Treatment for cancer may also bring about some

　　30 Cancer patients may differ in their

　　A prescription medicines

　　B control or order

　　C tolerance for pain

　　D various factors

　　E normal genes

　　F different genes side effects

　　第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇 Youth Emancipation in Spain

　　The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

　　Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes，says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.

　　To coax （劝诱） young people from their homes，the Institute started a “Youth Emancipation （解放）” program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

　　Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious （不稳定的） labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.

　　Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem，say sociologists （社会学家）。 Family ties in south Europe - Italy，Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe，said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth： Key for Understanding”。

　　“In general，young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized” said Minguez.

　　In Spain - especially in the countryside，it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts，uncles，cousins，nieces and nephews （外甥/侄子） all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

　　Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

　　“A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist，” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez，a sociologist at Carlos I11 University in Madrid.

　　Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores （家务） worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso，a 60-year-old in Madrid，has three children in their 20s. The eldest，28，has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.

　　“His mum does the wash and cooks for him； in the end，he lives well，” Masso said.

　　31 The “Youth Emancipation” program alms at helping young people

　　A fight for freedom.

　　B fight against social injustice.

　　C get rid of family responsibilities，

　　D live in an independent way.

　　32 It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in

　　A Finland.

　　B Greece.

　　C Spain.

　　D Italy.

　　33 Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT

　　A parents' tolerance.

　　B housing problems.

　　C cultural traditions.

　　D unwillingness to get married

　　34 Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso？

　　A She is 60 years old.

　　B She has a boyfriend.

　　C She has three children

　　D She lives in Madrid

　　35 The phrase “wary of” m paragraph 8 could be best replaced by

　　A tired of.

　　B afraid of.

　　C cautious about.

　　D worried about.

　　第二篇 Surprised by a Miracle

　　I had been working in the trauma unit at a local hospital for about a year. You get used to families thinking that a “coma” （昏迷） patient is moving their hand or doing something that they were asked to do. “Following commands” is what we call it often it's “wishful thinking” on the families' part. Nurses can easily become callous （麻木不仁的） to it.

　　On this particular night during visiting hours，my patient's wife came ~n. I had taken care of him for several nights I was very familiar with his care and what he was able to do. Actually，he didn't do anything. He barely moved at all，even when something would obviously hurt him，such as suctioning （抽吸）His wife was very short，about 5 feet tall. She had to stand on a stool to lean over him，so that she could see his face and talk to him. She climbed up on the stool I spoke to her for a few minutes，and then stepped out to tend to my other patient. A few minutes later，she came running out of the room. In an excited voice，she said，“Donna，he's moving his hand！”

　　I immediately thought that it was probably her imagination，and that he had not actually done it on purpose. He