16. Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.

　　A. perfect homonyms B. homographs

　　C. homophones D. homonyms

　　17. The differences between synonyms exist in the following areas EXCEPT ______.

　　A. denotation B. connotation

　　C. reference D. application

　　18. “Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc.” make up the ______ of “fruit”.

　　A. synonyms B. homonyms

　　C. superordinate term D. semantic field

　　19. ______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning

　　has now become generalized.

　　A. Degradation B. Elevation

　　C. Extension D. Specilization

　　20. Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?

　　A. Cultural reason. B. Historical reason.

　　C. Class reason. D. Psychological reason.

　　21. The word “minister” originally meant“a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry”. This process of meaning change is called ______.

　　A. extension B. elevation

　　C. degradation D. specialization

　　22. In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.

　　A. structure B.sentence

　　C. phrase D.clause

　　23. There is an ambiguity in the sentence “He is a hard businessman” due to ______.

　　A. polysemy B. homonymy

　　C. synonymy D. antonymy

　　24. Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?

　　A. Definition. B. Polysemy.

　　C. Synonymy. D. Antonymy.

　　25. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?

　　A. The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.

　　B. The constituents of idioms can’t be replaced.

　　C. The word order in an idiom can’t be changed.

　　D. An idiom functions as one word.

　　26. Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.

　　A. verb B.adjective

　　C. preposition D.noun

　　27. Lexical manipulation is one aspect of the rhetorical features of idioms. The following EXCEPT ______ belong to lexical manipulation.

　　A. alliteration B. reiteration

　　C. repetition D. juxtaposition

　　28. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.

　　A. unabridged B.desk

　　C. pocket D.bilingual

　　29. Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.

　　A. spelling B. pronunciation

　　C. definition D. syntactical rules

　　30. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.

　　A. pronunciation B. grammar codes

　　C. usage examples D. language codes