Passage 3

　　The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the growth of the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline: production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As one Norwegian politician said last week：“We will soon be changed beyond all recognition”.

　　Ever since the year, the Government has been carrying out a program of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

　　The effects of the development of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose most of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

　　The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not made up the majority of the population but they are an important part of it because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

　　11. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to ______.

　　A. slow down its rate of development

　　B. provide more jobs for Norwegians

　　C. look for oil on the southern coast

　　D. develop more quickly than at present

　　12. What has the Norwegean Government's policy been for the area north of the Arctic Cricle since the war?

　　A. To prevent a growth in population.

　　B. To improve facilities in the area.

　　C. To develop a large tourist industry.

　　D. To discourage industrial development.

　　13. What might be the effect of the oil industry on northern Norway?

　　A. The development of industry.

　　B. A growth in population.

　　C. The failure of the development program.

　　D. The development of new towns.

　　14. In Norway, the effect of the development of the oil industry might be ______.

　　A. a large reduction in unemployment

　　B. an increase in unemployment in the north

　　C. a reduction in the number of service industries

　　D. the development of a number of service industries

　　15. Why are Norwegian farmers and fishermen important?

　　A. The economy depends on agriculture and fishing.

　　B. They form the majority of the population.

　　C. They are thought of as the real Norwegians.

　　D. They are responsible for prevention pollution.

　　Passage 4

　　Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for men or women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, men's and women's roles were becoming less firmly fixed.

　　In the 1950s, economic and socioal success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in child-care, men began to share child-rising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and child-care responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.

　　In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.

　　In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or women's liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional women's jobs such as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.

　　Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these changes.

　　16. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 1?

　　A. Women usually worked outside the home for wages.

　　B. Men's and women's roles were easily exchanged in the past.

　　C. Men's roles at home was more firmly fixed than women's.

　　D. Men's and women's roles were usually quite separated in the past.

　　17. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?

　　A. The first sentence.

　　B. The second and the third sentences.

　　C. The fourth sentence.

　　D. The last sentence.

　　18. In the passage the author suggests that the counterculture ______.

　　A. destroyed the United States

　　B. changed some American values

　　C. was not important in the United States

　　D. brought people more leisure time with their families

　　19. It could be inferred from the passage that ______.

　　A. men and women will never share the same goals.

　　B. some men will be willing to change their traditional male roles

　　C. most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wives

　　D. more American households are headed by women than ever before

　　20. The best title for the passage may be ______.

　　A. Results of Feminist Movement

　　B. New Influences in American Life

　　C. Counterculture and Its Consequence

　　D. Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles