Passage 2
1. We are so used to seeing cars on our streets and our roads that it is strange to think that only a century has passed since the birth of the man who invented the automobile. 
2. On July 30, 1863, in the middle of the American Civil War, Henry Ford was born to a family of farmers in the state of Michigan. He was the eldest of six children. His home was much like that of many other children of that day; His parents were hardworking, careful, and sensible. On the peaceful farm, far from cities and stores, tools had to be made and repaired without outside help. Henry loved to make things. Even when he was still a young boy, he could take a watch apart and put it together again. Soon he was repairing the watches and clocks of all the neighbors, as well as those of his own family. A friend of the family once said, “Every clock in the Ford home trembles when it sees Henry coming!”
3. When Henry was twelve years old, his mother died. Mr. Ford loved his son, but he was afraid that the boy’s interest in machines would make him discontented with a farmer’s life. He was right. Henry did not want to stay in the country. After many disagreements with his father, Henry went to Detroit, the nearest large city. There he went to work in a machine shop for two dollars and fifty cents a week. In the evenings, he repaired watches for another dollar a week. After paying for food and a bed, he had fifty cents a week to spend. 
4. While working in Detroit. Henry began to think about more efficient ways of making watches. He designed a machine that could make 2,000 watches a day—but he did not know how he would sell so many watches in Detroit, and so he abandoned the idea. Later in his life, when he had solved the distribution problem, he sold many more than ten thousand automobiles each week. 
5. Only nine months after his arrival in Detroit, he had to give up city life because his father needed help on the farm. But this time there was less dull work for him; he could spend his free time repairing the broken steam engines of his neighbors and talking of the time to come when all hard work on farms would be done by machines. 
6. There was another interest at this time in the life of the young Henry Ford. A girl who lived nearby, Clara Bryant, pleased him and he began to arrange matters so that he could afford to marry. His father still hoped to make Henry a farmer, and now gave him eighty acres of forest for a wedding present. Henry sold the wood, keeping only enough to build a house, and he brought his wife to it in April, 1888. Here they spent three quiet years. 

7. During this time he was busy designing a startling new machine that would run under its own power and carry people. He called it a “horseless carriage.” Henry suggested to his wife that they move back to Detroit where he could get the necessary money to build his machine. In Detroit he spent all his free time, as well as a lot of money working on his plan. His neighbors thought that his dream was foolish and impossible. But finally in 1903, he built a car that was light, low to the ground and fast enough to race against other cars. He called his automobile the “999” after a famous express train. Then he was able to establish the Ford Motor Company, and from then on he never had any difficulty finding money to finance his business. 

8. But the cost of the first car was too expensive. So Henry worked constantly to reduce the cost of manufacturing his cars so that more people could afford to buy them. Years later, Ford developed the assembly line method of production which made possible the production of large numbers of cars in a short time at low cost. Thus the famous Model T Ford, the “Tin Lizzie” was first shown to the public in 1909, and by the year 1927, 15,000,000 Tin Lizzies had been sold throughout the world.

9. As he grew older, Henry Ford showed a stronger affection for the past and its customs and virtues. He felt that life in the past had been simple, men had been honest and hardworking, and had trusted themselves and their own abilities. He collected machines, houses, furniture and other objects from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He built copies of famous American houses. 

10. From 1937 to 1945, Ford used his factories to help his country’s side win a war. He made air planes at a huge plant at Willow Run, Michigan, which had cost 65 million dollars to build. But he still believed in his dreams of peace, and he believed that it would come. When someone asked him what he thought would happen after the Second World War, he said, “Out of his war will come the Great Awakening — the establishment of the brotherhood of Man and the Federation of the World.”

11. Sure in his hope, Henry Ford, the American industrial genius, died on April 7, 1947, eighty-three years after he had been born into a very different world, and one that his own efforts had done much to change. 

56．“Every clock in the Ford home trembles when it sees Henry coming!”(Para. 2) What does the sentence suggest?
A．Ford was keen on taking apart every clock in his home. 
B．Every clock was afraid of Ford’s coming. 
C．Ford likes to see every clock tremble. 
D．Every clock is glad to see Ford’s coming. 

57．Which of the following statements is Not true according to the text?
A．It was the distribution problem that made Henry Ford give up his idea of producing a machine to make watches. 
B．Henry Ford returned to his father’s farm because he was tired of the city life after many failures.
C．Henry Ford was considerably poor when he was preparing for his marriage with a girl.
D．Henry Ford moved back to Detroit because he could not get enough money for the building of the “horseless carriage” in his hometown. 

58．It took Henry Ford about ______ to design and build his first automobile. 
A．3 years  B．10 years
C．12 years  D．15 years

59．Henry Ford got his cars sold fast and wide by ______. 
A．constantly reducing their cost 
B．frequently changing their models 
C．finally developing an assembly line
D．extensively advertising them in the newspaper

60．It is very likely that this article was written ______. 
A．when Henry Ford became famous 
B．right after the second world war 
C．in the 1960s 
D．not long ago 

V．词形转换。将括号里提供的词转换成适当的词形填入答题纸上相应的位置。（本大题10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
 Complete each of the following sentences with a (compound) word derived from the one(s) given in the brackets. (10 points)

61．The ______ of the 100-year-old sewage and water systems will cost millions of pounds. (modern)

62．When he burst in, he found a ______ of reporters. (room)

63．“Anyone else would have done the same thing,” he said with typical ______.(modest)

64．“Hi” is a(n) ______ way of greeting people. (formal)

65．A girl stands selling ______ lanterns on a Hanoi street on Thursday. (star, shape)

66．The man is the current world ______ in the long jump. (record, hold)

67．As president, you have power to stop your government’s unfortunate and ______

attempts to legalize the dog meat trade. (ill, judge)

68．These ______ bosses always seem to give in at the first sign of a strike. (chicken, heart)

69．The shop ______ me by $10 yesterday. (over, charge)

70．He’s got a lot of exciting ideas and he’s ______ to get started. (patient)

VI．句子翻译。将下列句子译成英语，译文写在答题纸上相应的位置。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）
 Translate the following sentences into English. (15 points)

71．我花了一段时间才适应了新工作。(adapt)

72．城市居民责怪民工造成了城市犯罪率大幅度上升。(blame…for)

73．怎样培养好独生子女在中国引发了许多辩论。(stir up)

74．他不把自己的道德观强加给孩子们，而是鼓励他们独立思考。(impose)

75．我们选聘人员担任重要职务时，考虑三个条件：受教育程度，经验和业绩。

VII. 作文。根据所学的一篇课文，在答题纸相应的位置上写出150字左右的短文。

（本大题要求写成短文形式，本大题共1小题，15分）
Write a short composition of about 150 words based on one of the texts you have learned.
TOPIC: What three qualities do you think are the most important in a friend? 
Base your composition on the text “On Friendship”.