Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Americans are a very energetic and mobile people, always on the run; rushing from one appointment to another, from a PTA (Parent Teacher Association) meeting to a social planning committee. They have very little time to spend preparing elaborate（精致的，复杂的）everyday meals to be eaten at leisure. In many homes it is rare for the whole family to sit down at supper together. Clubs and committees force them to grab a quick meal rather than a sit-down supper.

When they do have the chance to eat at home, often the working housewife prefers to prepare meals that can be quickly heated and consumed. It is no wonder, therefore, that America has become a shelter for fast food consumption.

This great transformation occurred after World War Ⅱ when many women began to work full time and spend less time at home with their families. Women, however, wanted to function well in the capacity of homemaker, as well as that of career woman but time became a precious commodity（商品）which had to be carefully used.

Therefore, it was necessary to make her life easier at home in the preparation of the family dinner. Simultaneously with women entering the job market there was also a shifting of the focus of home entertainment from the radio to the television. Television became the latest fashion in the 1950s and no one wanted to miss his or her favorite programs. And then, the place for supper shifted from the dining room to the living room.

As the customs changed, so did the culture. The immediate solution for this was the invention of the TV dinner. These were frozen meals which were divided into portions of meat and vegetables. They could easily be put into an oven（锅）and prepared within minutes. The tin trays（托盘）in which they were served were conveniently carried into the living room and dinner was consumed in front of a TV set. Cleaning up afterwards was no problem. The tin trays were easily thrown into the garbage.

From fast dinners at home the next step was quick eating while on the road. Love for TV was combined with the fascination for the automobile. It is not odd that with the development of the superhighways America saw the beginning of fast food chains. McDonald's paved the way with its variety of burgers and cold drinks soon to be followed by all kinds of other foods. Today dozens of fast-food chain stores can be found along highways, in modern shopping malls and scattered throughout neighborhoods in America. Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Roy Roger's, Burger King and Wendy's are just a few of the fast-food chains which are now part of American culture． They offer chicken, donuts, tacos and pizza, all quickly produced in great quantities for the masses. These establishments have given shape to the modern lifestyles and diet of the American people.

31．In America, the whole family seldom have dinner together at home because＿．

A．they have so many social activities

B．they have a lot of meetings to attend

C．they rush from one appointment to another

D．they often move from one place to another

32．America has become a shelter for fast food consumption because

A．some women are engaged in entertainments

B．few women are able to make meals at home

C．women are unwilling to cook for their families

D．many women are mostly occupied with work

33．The passage tells that nowadays Americans have their supper＿．

A．in the dinning room

B．in the living room

C．in the grocery stores

D．in the fast food chains

34．The word “establishments” in the last paragraph probably means＿．

A．fast foods

B．TV dinners

C．shopping malls

D．snack bars

35．The main idea of the passage is about＿.

A．women's role in American families

B．advantages of fast food for Americans

C．modern lifestyles and diet in America

D．shift of American home entertainment

PART TWO（50 POINTS）

Iv．Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two items)

将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。

请将完整的单词写在答题纸上。

36.角力，摔跤 vi w_ _ _ _ _ _ 37．打哈欠 vi. y_ _ _

38．天气，气象 n. w_ _ _ _ _ _ 39．志愿者，志愿兵 n. V_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

40. 唯一的，独特的a. u_ _ _ _ _ 41．打字机n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

42．绊跌，绊倒vi. S_ _ _ _ _ _ 43．保持，保留n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

44．提及，参考n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45．预期的，未来的a. p?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

46．忽略，眺望vt. o?_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47.功能的，实用的a. f_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

48．部长，大臣n. m_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49．使地方化vt. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _

50．夹克衫n. j_ _ _ _ _ 51．注射，针剂n. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

52．女主人n. h_ _ _ _ _ _ 53．真正的，真诚的a. g_ _ _ _ _ _

54．侄子，外甥n. n_ _ _ _ _ 55．怀疑的，可疑的a. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _

V．Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each item)

将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。

56．I would play football with you if I＿20 years younger. (be)

57．Just as she was about＿，she was handed a note．(speak)

58．I don't want to make a show of＿before strangers. (Ⅰ)

59．__is the mother of invention. This is remarkably true. (Necessary)

60．The mayor gave a＿speech to call up the citizens against pollution. (convince)

61．He was hurt by a flower vase＿from the balcony（阳台）．(drop)

62．Neither the prices nor the quality＿in the last contract. (specify)

63．The beauty of the place is beyond＿．(describe)

64．It is the first time I＿with native speakers in English. (talk)

65．The family spent a＿holiday in the country last month. (delight)

Ⅵ．Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3 points for each item)

将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。

66.上周末的音乐会上，那位歌唱家的演唱由她的学生担任钢琴伴奏。

67.那些年轻人尽了全力才达到了他们的目标。

68.全家人都同意去澳大利亚过新年。

69．直到最近我才意识到语言与文化密切相关。

70．科学技术从未像现在这样高速发展。

Ⅶ．Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)

将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。

Books are to mankind what memory is to the individual. They contain the history of our race, the discoveries we have made, the accumulated knowledge and experience of ages．They picture for us the marvels and beauties of nature, help us out of difficulty, comfort us in sorrow, change hours of tiredness into moments of delight, fill our minds with good ideas and happy thoughts, and lift us out of and above ourselves. And also, books can help transport us to mountains or the seashore, and visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, or expense. In a sense they give us an even more vivid idea than the actual reality. So, precious and priceless are the blessings which the books scatter around our daily paths．We walk, in imagination, with noblest spirits, through the most fascinating regions