1、简答题  1996年清华大学和香港大学的学生合作研制出太阳能汽车，该车是利用太阳能电池将所接受的太阳光转化为电能提供给电动机驱动汽车的．已知车上太阳能电池正对太阳时，电池加在电动机上的电压为U，通过的电流为I，电动机的直流电阻为R，太阳辐射能量的总功率为P，太阳光垂直照射到该太阳能电池的面板（接受太阳光能的装置）时，单位面积的辐射功率为．问：
　　（1）此时电动机的效率＝________________．
（2）假若太阳光在穿过太空及地球表面大气层到达地面时，沿途的能量损耗忽略不计，求太阳到地球的距离r
（3）太阳辐射的能量实际上由质子参与的一系列反应产生，而这一系列的反应的总效果相当于下述核反应：．若质子，氦核．正电的质量分别为，，，试求在1秒内参与上述热核反应的质子数目．

2、选择题  下面的各核反应中能产生中子的是（　　）
A.用γ光子轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">，生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">
B.用氘核轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,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">生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB8AAAAjCAIAAADjdEa4AAABKklEQVRIie2Vuw2DMBCGbwjkKYjMAqmyAkUKWIQFYAdWQHLPAu5c0MIU7pFSYCd+8PKDIhLoCgOnj/N//2Hg83hdwE0/Q5+GFkHSDVRP6jMAAMiKyp/OSAUAYNJpiZOa9Hwe6yItmzZEmT7T6YxUCOeT3NlDruPQuyZXBDHfhtJ1Nf6Lfq0yalfVNRf21S7bUQd0w5HLQs+H5eFiaCPhR1dr0ZPENNmlGX5FO3SPUHpOS5wgaxpC6LTEidzterf96dPQIkiZtNbqB/zpllmPPeMmy7eHS0uj0RmpQMoizSZuA+lqM8Vlu2WF3jX5frZrqPT+7X76nKUz0jj9oZzoQs1YmqzozuexLtKtwYtA5+aYxKZ7nM5u9Nd1tdfFM7Lu20dH7Nojxk3fig+eX9nXy1+iGAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==">
C.用质子轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABsAAAAgCAIAAABsC5RsAAABB0lEQVRIie2WsRHDIAwAtYXHoGAeGnbIEDQaITPQaIKs4EYbsAUpbBMbIwcwlyqquOP86JElG+LogD8xRtawj4nmcItIzvG2DjMpZZt5F9bkrHXUDhSJwSrVoSwSu5VFYreyROxXLhOLymGmKb1TlxdSIErKCxQ9n7fQ6HTMmSgqs8fr7MQcpUCjS7mvbZZyryeyFpQzrVoiewTQZd6xkrVENFobLG5llawk5srsn5tmXskqYqa811zWL/857SsxWDXBKZImewSA/YXkRHI2e6Y1DsQw08NRXNujZ4CfiYkxej4K7dFJXLtq7HxcKyj0XBcx3hD/3beQtTAX2oho0i9FJy4nDok34m9Tr8mVKD0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=">，生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB4AAAAjCAIAAAAMti2GAAABMElEQVRIie2VvbXDIAyFtQVjUDAPjXbwEDSMkBlotAkNG2gLXkEg8m/iHFG8c6LKObY+S/deHKjTCn7oPZozGWjliiq6OICYSq01eud8VENzJtOHLSkai6yFrpXRmjZs9K6Nr4V+aa3IrT0hjNYAgKIatQtiKbNURgctrZOW1lUon4WBbqBbf1OZAu40eUWzpHjLDxg9h0dmt9NN9EVF77oIjNZsdhozHfp/jX4mp7VTXrVTwL5lcbu7b9DSVQoo6ZzJ9J9nZ/gKTQFFFosTCRlfm80rP0QzWjNMax5K3d/G8RRdUhyB6QEf+WG0Zr/BJ2jpHhxmQJ6mszjC+mnlvwI56QQ0heWRHvpTc6Yl0AxBePELz9CawtICr492sI3Z4dH6Bj2u5oXvn6LV64fe1B+x/RNXFAraoAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==">
D.用α粒子轰击style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABsAAAAgCAIAAABsC5RsAAABB0lEQVRIie2WsRHDIAwAtYXHoGAeGnbIEDQaITPQaIKs4EYbsAUpbBMbIwcwlyqquOP86JElG+LogD8xRtawj4nmcItIzvG2DjMpZZt5F9bkrHXUDhSJwSrVoSwSu5VFYreyROxXLhOLymGmKb1TlxdSIErKCxQ9n7fQ6HTMmSgqs8fr7MQcpUCjS7mvbZZyryeyFpQzrVoiewTQZd6xkrVENFobLG5llawk5srsn5tmXskqYqa811zWL/857SsxWDXBKZImewSA/YXkRHI2e6Y1DsQw08NRXNujZ4CfiYkxej4K7dFJXLtq7HxcKyj0XBcx3hD/3beQtTAX2oho0i9FJy4nDok34m9Tr8mVKD0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=">，生成物之一为style="shiti/data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAB8AAAAjCAIAAADjdEa4AAABKklEQVRIie2Vuw2DMBCGbwjkKYjMAqmyAkUKWIQFYAdWQHLPAu5c0MIU7pFSYCd+8PKDIhLoCgOnj/N//2Hg83hdwE0/Q5+GFkHSDVRP6jMAAMiKyp/OSAUAYNJpiZOa9Hwe6yItmzZEmT7T6YxUCOeT3NlDruPQuyZXBDHfhtJ1Nf6Lfq0yalfVNRf21S7bUQd0w5HLQs+H5eFiaCPhR1dr0ZPENNmlGX5FO3SPUHpOS5wgaxpC6LTEidzterf96dPQIkiZtNbqB/zpllmPPeMmy7eHS0uj0RmpQMoizSZuA+lqM8Vlu2WF3jX5frZrqPT+7X76nKUz0jj9oZzoQs1YmqzozuexLtKtwYtA5+aYxKZ7nM5u9Nd1tdfFM7Lu20dH7Nojxk3fig+eX9nXy1+iGAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==">

3、选择题  中共中央、国务院、中央军委在人民大会堂隆重表彰为研制“两弹一星”作出突出贡献的科学家.下列核反应方程中属于研究“两弹”的基本核反应方程式的是
①+→+                             ②+→++10
③→+                                 ④+→+
A．①③
B．②③
C．①④
D．②④