1、I notified （B级）him that the meeting had been postponed.
参考答案： B
答案解析： possible
2、 He emphasized a feasible （B级）plan which can be accepted by the both sides.
参考答案： B
答案解析： satisfy
3、We should never content (B级)ourselves with only a little knowledge.
参考答案： A
答案解析： deliberated
4、 We should contemplated (B级)the problem from all sides.
参考答案： A
答案解析： failed
5、His new girlfriend had omitted (B级)to tell him that she was married.
参考答案： A
答案解析： change
6、 If you want my advice, you should revise (B级)your plan for the trip to Beijing.
参考答案： B
答案解析： character
7、He has a very outgoing personality （B级）and makes friends very easily.
参考答案： A
答案解析： supplied
8、 The room was furnished （B级）with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table
参考答案： C
答案解析： describes
9、His novel depicts an ambitious American.
参考答案： C
答案解析： forbidden
10、Smoking is inhibited (A级)in public places.
参考答案： A
答案解析： supervise
11、He is assigned to oversee the production of the assembly lines.
参考答案： D
答案解析： comply with
12、Soldiers have to obey orders.
参考答案： C
答案解析： certain
13、 Are you positive that there’s been no mistake?
参考答案： C
答案解析： thorough
14、An exhaustive investigation of the facts proves the contrary.
参考答案： A
答案解析： hated
15、He resented being called a foreigner.
参考答案： 标准答案：F,A,D,C,E
答案解析： 标准答案：F,A,D,C,E
16、The Arctic Ice is Thawing Father Christmas may have to move his “workshop” from the North Pole because global warming is thawing the ice beneath his feet and his reindeers'' feet as well. His “workshop” is in dire straits. The “platform” for the “workshop” is melting, said Stefan Norris of the World Wildlife Fund environmental group''s Arctic Program. An eight-nation report by 250 scientists published recently predicted the Arctic Ocean could be ice-free in summer by 2100 because of a build-up of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere, mainly from burning fossil fuels in cars or factories. The North Pole is getting more and more inhabitable to Father Christmas. ___1___. Young people learn that Father Christmas'' “workshop” produces millions of gifts delivered by him on a flying, reindeer-drawn sleigh. Hollywood movies like "The Polar Express" tried to make viewers believe that Father Christmas lives at the North Pole. ___2___. The "Fortress of Solitude" is near the North Pole that could be under threat in a warmer world. Alan Boldt, spokesman of the Danish Ministry of Science, suggested ways to rescue Father Christmas. ___3___. Another alternative, he argued, would be building some electrical facilities to ensure the ice stays on the North Pole for him. "This should be a subject for the United Nations," he said. “Danmark could build windmills to provide Father Christmas with power." Denmark says Father Christmas’s real home is Greenland, which will help, Denmark thinks, to strengthen its position in claiming the sovereignty over the Pole. ___4___. "Doesn''t he already speak Danish?" Boldt said frostily when asked if Father Christmas would be forced to learn Danish if Denmark won international recognition of its claim to the Pole. Last month''s Arctic report said the region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe, partly because dark ground or water, once uncovered, soaks up more heat than ice or snow. Finland has been most favored by Father Christmas and it has about 500,000 tourists a year to visit its Christmas center in Rovaniemi in Lapland6. ___5___. A．However, Nordic nations all reject it by claiming that their countries are his home.B．Therefore the North Pole is the most attractive place in the world.C．If Denmark’s claim were accepted internationally, it would have the legal right to search for oil and gas at the North Pole.D．One of them would be building a giant floating ice rink for the workshop if the Pole thaws.E．Maybe Father Christmas has already moved to Rovaniemi.F．He may have to move from the North Pole within our children''s lifetimes.
17、 Bill gates: Unleashing your creativity I’ve always been an optimists and I suppose that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I’ve loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a chunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home,” which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have. And after 30 years, I’m still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade. I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness – to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are. Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos, and they say, “I didn’t know you could do that with a PC!” But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world. I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible. As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than the death pf a child anywhere else, and that it doesn’t take much to make an immense difference in these children’s lives. I’m still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world’s toughest problems is possible – and it’s happening every day. We’re seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world. I’m excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we’re going to make some amazing in all these area in my life. (563 words)
参考答案： A
答案解析： right
1A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.
参考答案： A
答案解析： right
2Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime.
参考答案： B
答案解析： wrong
3Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work” .
参考答案： B
答案解析： wrong
4To Bill Gates’mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poor’s children and the death of the rich’s children.
参考答案： C
答案解析： not mentioned
5So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.
参考答案： A
答案解析： right
6Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.
参考答案： C
答案解析： not mentioned
7Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.
18、 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences． Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night．People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers． These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night．He added that“it might be a good idea''’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this． Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more． For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning． KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed．As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed．“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．
参考答案： 标准答案：E,B,A,D
答案解析： 标准答案：E,B,A,D
11. Paragraph 2 ___. 2. Paragraph 4___. 3. Paragraph 5___. 4. Paragraph 6___. A. Keprike’s research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripke’s report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers F. Classification of sleep problems
参考答案： 标准答案：F,E,A,C
答案解析： 标准答案：F,E,A,C
25．To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___. 6．Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___. 7． One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___. 8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying． A fall asleep again B become more energetic the following day C sleep less than 7 hours D confirm those serious consequences E suffer sleep problems F sleep more than 8 hours
19、 Eating potatoes gives your immune system a boost Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged. The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising. In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain. Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Immunology expert Lena Ohman’s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden.5 The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.6
参考答案： C
答案解析： Potato salad.
1What a form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body? .
参考答案： A
答案解析： It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.
2 What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?
参考答案： B
答案解析： They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.
3For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment?
参考答案： D
答案解析： Vegetables
4 All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT __________.
参考答案： D
答案解析： It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.
5What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?
20、 Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too. Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003. The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors? The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a persons chances or becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight，however, and family members had less influence than friends. It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too. The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter. Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others’ perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad. “You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you,” Dr. Christakis said. The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years – each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends! Their analysis was unique, Dr. Christakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a person''s friend''s friends, or influence on a person''s weight or a spouse''s sibling''s friends, could have an influence on a person’s weight. The effects, he said, “highlight the importance of contagion, that spreads through the network.” Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too. Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person’s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. As people have gotten fatter, it appears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why. If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
参考答案： A
答案解析： their friends
1Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese?
参考答案： C
答案解析： People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.
2 Which of the following statement about a friend''s influence is false according to the report?
参考答案： D
答案解析： Friends affected each others’ feelings of fatness
3According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for friends being the greatest influence?
参考答案： C
答案解析： life style
4Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report?
参考答案： A
答案解析： social networks let the obesity spread rapidly
5 In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic?
21、 Kidney disease and heart disease spur each other Hearts and kidneys; If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on'' the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction，too The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol,” says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.” Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic, many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades. And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidney disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn’t widely known. Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this month''s Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease. The link sounds logical. After all , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors'' both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond'' those risk factors, stresses McCullough; Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn'''' accelerates disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls "a shockingly age. " McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37, 000 relatively young people -rage age 53 - who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate" t; levels of the protein albumin in the urine; and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease. The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the striking markers were worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says.
参考答案： B
答案解析： By urine and blood tests.
1How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?
参考答案： A
答案解析： 19,000,000
2How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?
参考答案： D
答案解析： 100，000.
3How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?
参考答案： D
答案解析： To start rigorously checking out their patients'' kidneys.
4 What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?
参考答案： B
答案解析： Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.
5 Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?
22、 The placebo effect Placebo is a Latin word. It means “I shall please”. And sometimes it just might. When scientists want to test a new drug, they usually divide a large number of people __1__ two groups. One group takes the medicine, the other takes a substance __2__ as a placebo. It may contain nothing more than sugar. The people do not know which pill they are taking, the active one or the inactive one. In this kind of experiment, the medicine must perform __3__ than the placebo to prove it is effective. Yet, people who take a placebo, sometimes experience improvements in their health. This is known as “the placebo effect”—the effect of something __4__ is not supposed to have any effect. Some doctors even use the placebo effect in their treatments. They might tell patients that a new drug will stop their pain. The patient does not know that the pills are __5__. The patient __6__ the pills and later tells the doctor that the pain is gone. Now research in Sweden suggests that placebo treatments can also __7__ the emotional effects of unpleasant experiences. The effects in the brain were similar to those seem when placebos have been used to ease pain. The researchers say that in both cases expectations of improvement are a major __8__ on the effectiveness of placebos. The new study involved a group of people who looked at unpleasant pictures, __9__ images of dead bodies. Predrag Petrovic of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm led the study. The findings appeared in the publication Neuron. An influential study on placebos appeared in 1955. It said treatment with a placebo __10__ patients feel better 35% of the time. But in 2001, Danish researchers reported that they had examined more than 100 studies. They found __11__ evidence of healing as a result of placebos. Some researchers think a good relationship between a doctor and patients can increase the effectiveness of real medicines. In any case, some medical researchers are against the use of __12__. They think it is __13__ to give some people inactive substances when testing new medicines. They say it would be better to __14__ new drugs with existing drugs. That way, a study would show __15__ the new drug is more effective.
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